PITMAN 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


c 


IMP 


O  M  P  A  N  I  O  N 


BY    BENN   PIT  MAS. 


a2&U    Instttutt,   (S-i 

1872. 


These  pages  contain  more  than  any  one  Phonographic 
reporter  will  ever  be  likely  to  need  or  use,  but  there  is 
nothing  here  that  will  not  be  gladly  adopted  by  some. 
A  work  of  this  nature  should  provide  for  the  wants  of 
the  two  distinct  classes  who  will  use  it ;  namely,  those 
who  have  good  memories  and  little  executive  power,  and 
those  wno  have  aptitude  and  quickness  with  but  moder- 
ately retentive  memories.  The  former  will  find  it  easier 
to  become  reporters  by  storing  th'jir  memories  ;  the  latter 
by  exercising  their  fingers. 

It  seems  to  l>e  a  general  rule  that  we  possess  and  en- 
joy only  when  we  have  earnel  possession  :  the  reporting 
style  of  Phonography  is  no  exception.  If  the  student  has 
not  mastered  the  contents  of  the  MANUAL,  he  will  be  like- 
lv  to  find  this  took  a  labyrinth  of  difficulty  ;  but  if  he 
has  earned  the  right  to  study  the  advanced  style  of  this 
art,  by  having  faithfully  mastered  the  elementary  princi- 
ples, he  will  find  this  book  a  welcome  guide  in  helping 
him  from  the  corresponding  to  the  reporting  style  ;  a  tran- 
sition that  will  be  a  source  of  delight  in  proportion  to  his 
ability  to  appreciate  what  is  philosophic,  useful,  and 
beautiful. 


PRELIMINARIES. 

The  proper,  because  the  best  instrument  for  reporting,  is 
a  gold  pen  —  provided  the  writer  obtains  one  suited  to  his 
hand,  and  style  of  writing.  Pen  and  ink  are  as  superior  to 
pencil  for  reporting  as  for  correspondence :  in  both  cases  the 
reading  is  as  important  as  the  writing.  A  pencil  may  be 
occasionally  used  for  practice,  and  for  actual  reporting,  when 
a  pen  cannot  be  conveniently  employed;  as  when  the  writer 
is  obliged  to  make  a  desk  of  his  knee,  or  his  hat,  or  the 
shoulder  of  the  person  in  front  of  him,  at  a  public  meeting. 
One  of  the  best  reports  of  a  meeting  we  ever  remember 
reading,  was  made  in  a  standing  crowd,  the  reporter  having 
to  hold  his  note  book  considerably  above  his  head. 

Most  reporters  who  have  had  equal  opportunities  of  judg- 
ing of  the  relative  advantages  of  pen  and  pencil,  prefer  the 
former.  A  small  glass  inkstand,  two  inches  square  and  one 
inch  high,  with  large  mouth  and  screw  top,  will  be  found 
most  convenient.  Smooth  paper  should  never  he  used  with 
a  pencil,  nor  rough  paper  with  a  pen. 

A  pencil  of  medium  hardness  and  blackness,  of  the  qual- 
ity of  Faber's  No.  3,  is  adapted  for  Phonographic  reporting. 
For  a  report  of  a  sermon,  three  or  four  pencils  should  be 
sharpened.  Those  who  are  unaccustomed  to  drawing  will 
perhaps  need  to  be  told,  that  a  pencil  is  best  sharpened  by 
cutting  the  wood  to  a  long  bevel,  and  rubbing  the  lead  to 
a  point  upon  a  piece  of  sandstone,  or  a  file.  The  pencil 
should  be  held  somewhat  more  upright  for  reporting,  than 
for  longhand  writing,  otherwise  the  point  will  be  liable  to 
be  broken  off. 


0  IlCl'OKTING    MATERIALS,    KTC. 

The  Phonographer  who  uses  unruled  paper,  will  not  be 
likely  to  become  a  very  rapid  reporter,  but  he  is  almost 
sure  to  become  a  careless,  straggling  writer,  covering  a  great 
deal  of  paper  with  a  very  few  words.  Hilled  paper  is  neces- 
sary to  accuracy  and  speed,  and  double  ruled  paper  is  un- 
questionably the  best.  Paper  ruled  with  faint  red,  rather 
*han  blue  lines,  is  generally  preferred. 

The  professional  form  of  the  reporter's  note  book  is  oblong, 
like  a  small  music  book,  and  for  pencil  notes  or  sermons, 
written  on  the  knee  at  church,  this  form  is  the  best.  When 
a  desk  or  table  is  used,  paper  of  the  usual  octavo  form  is 
nearly,  but  not  quite  so  convenient.  Whichever  kind  the 
reporter  prefers,  he  must  of  course,  fill  the  entire  of  one 
side  of  his  note  book  first.  When  it  is  of  oblong  shape,  he 
should  write  only  on  the  lower  leaves;  when  a  sqnare  form 
;s  used,  he  should  write  only  on  the  right-hand  page. 
When  the  note  book  is  thus  written  through,  it  is  turned 
and  the  vacant  pages  filled. 

Reporting  covers,  that  is,  stiff,  leather  covered  cases,  with 
an  elastic  band  stitched  in  the  back,  for  holding  the  paper 
in  place,  are  useful  to  reporters,  and  absolutely  necessary 
when  notes  are  taken  without  the  convenience  of  a  desk 
or  table. 

Portable  desks,  and  port  folios,  of  varied  construction,  but 
usually  contrived  to  fasten  on  the  back  of  a  seat  or  chair, 
have  been  sent  to  us  in  model  or  description.  Such  con 
trivances  are  needless,  and  as  far  as  we  know,  worthless 
Fountain  pens  are  equally  so. 

When  notes  are  to  be  transcribed  for  the  press,  and  when 
expedition  is  as  important  as  accuracy,  the  following  plan 
presents  some  advantages.  Use  post-size  paper,  (usually 
about  8£  by  1\  inches,)  and  write  the  Phonographic  notes 
at  the  left  hand  edge  of  the  sheet,  filling  a  column  some- 
what more  than  two  inches  wide.  On  the  remaining  blank 
portion  of  the  page,  the  longhand  transcription  is  made;  thft 
Phonographic  strips  being  separated  by  a  pen  knife  or  scis- 
sors, before  the  copy  is  sent  ot  the  compositor.  The  prox- 


REPORTING    MATERIALS. 


imity  of  the  Phonographic  notes  to  the  paper  on  which  the 
longhand  transcription  is  made,  is  a  point  of  considerable 
importance. 

The  opinion  of  Phonographers  will  probably  remain  di- 
vided as  to  the  best  method  of  holding  the  pen  or  pencil . 
The  usual  method  is  to  hold  it  at  the  end  of  the  first  and 
second  fingers  by  a  slight  pressure  of  the  thumb.  The  sec- 
ond method  is  to  allow  it  to  rest  between  the  first  and  sec- 
ond fingers  as  far  back  as  it  will  go,  keeping  it  in  place  by 
a  slight  pressure  of  the  thumb. 

In  writing  longhand,  where  the  strokes  incline  in  a  uniform 
direction,  the  usual  method  is  doubtless  the  best ;  but  in 
writing  Phonography,  where  lines  are  struck  in  all  directions, 
there  appears  to  be  a  freer  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  hand, 
and  less  fatigue  when  a  lengthy  report  is  taken,  by  holding 
the  pen  or  pencil  as  here  directed. 

In  transcribing  notes,  where  speed  and  distinctness  are 
more  to  be  considered  than  beauty  of  form,  this  method  pre- 
sents many  advantages.  The  elbow  being  allowed  to  rest 
somewhat  apart  from  the  side,  the  hand  and  arm  are  in  an 
easy  position,  as  for  sketching,  and  the  body  is  kept  in  a  more 
upright  position  than  is  usual  in  writing;  while  the  characters 
produced,  being  a  kind  of  back-hand,  have  a  decided  advan- 
tage in  point  of  distinctness.  It  was  probably  this  consider- 
ation which  led  Lord  Campbell,  Chief  Justice  of  England,  to 
adopt  this  method  of  holding  the  pen  in  taking  notes  of  evi- 
dence, by  which  means  he  was  enabled  to  follow  the  business 
of  the  scribe  without  sacrificing  the  dignity  of  the  Judge. 


THE    KEPOBTING    STYLE. 

In  the  corresponding  style  of  Phonography,  every  word 
that  is  not  a  logogram  or  a  contraction,  should  be  vocalized. 
The  insertion  of  many  vowels  is  impossible  when  writing 
the  words  of  a  fluent  speaker;  means  are  therefore  devised 
in  the  reporting  style,  by  which  almost  the  legibility  of  the 
corresponding  style  is  preserved,  without  the  insertion  of 
more  than  one  vowel  in  a  hundred  words. 

This  brevity  is  attained,  primarily,  by  making  every  pho- 
nograph do  duty  as  a  logograph,  and  writing  it  in  three  po- 
sitions. In  the  corresponding  style,  two  positions  are  used 
for  vowel  signs,  half-sized  characters,  and  horizontal  signs, 
namely  on  and  above  the  line ;  and  one  position  only  for 
full-sized  upright  and  sloping  characters,  namely,  on  the 
line.  In  the  reporting  style,  three  positions  for  all  signs 
are  rendered  equally  distinct'  by  writing 

FULL-SIZED,   UPRIGHT  AND   SLOPING  CHARACTERS, 

In  the  1st    position;  just  above  the  line. 

In  the  2nd  position  ;    resting  on  the  line. 

In  the  3rd  position  ;   midway  through  the  line. 
HORIZONTAL,  AND  HALF-SIZED  CHARACTERS,  AND  VOWEL  SIGNS. 

In  the  1st  position;    above  the  line. 

In  the  2nd  position ;  resting  on  the  line. 

In  the  3rd  position;  immediately  below  the  line. 
When  double  line  paper  is  used,  that  is,  paper  ruled  with 
lines  somewhat  less  than  one-eighth  of  an  inch  apart,  and 
double  that  distance  between  the  lines  of  writing  —  and  such 
paper  possesses  many  advantages  for  the  reporter  —  the  fol- 
lowing are  the  positions  to  be  observed: 

FOR  FULL-SIZED,  UPRIGHT,  AND  SLOPING  CHARACTERS, 

In  the  1st   position  ;  through  the  upper  line. 

In  the  2nd  position ;  between  the  lines. 

In  the  3rd  position ;  through  the  lower  line. 

9 


10  THE    REPORTING    STYLE. 

Double-length  upright  and  sloping  curves  also  occupy  the 
same  positions,  the  additional  length  being  added  to  the  end 
of  the  curve. 

FOK  HORIZONTAL,  HALF-SIZED  CHARACTERS,  AND  VOWEL  SIGNS. 
In  the  1st   position  ;  immediately  below  the  upper  line. 
In  the  2nd  position;  resting  on  the  lower  line. 
In  the  3rd  position  ;  immediately  below  the  lower  line. 

The  lower  line  of  double  ruled  paper  corresponds  with  the 
one  line  of  single  ruled  paper.  All  printed  Phonography  is 
supposed  to  be  written  on  a  single  line  —  real  or  imagina- 
ry —  ;  hence  the  dotted  line,  when  it  is  shown,  corresponds 
with  the  one  line  of  single  ruled  paper,  and  to  the  lower 
line  of  double  ruled  paper. 

The  position  a  word  should  occupy  is  determined  by  its 
accented  or  leading  vowel.  Words  that  contain  first  place 
vowels  are  written  in  the  first  position;  words  containing 
second  place  vowels  are  written  in  the  second  position  ;  and 
words  containing  third  place  vowels  are  written  in  the  third 
position. 

When  a  word  is  not  located  in  accordance  with  these 
rules  —  and  examples  will  be  occasionally  found  in  the  fol- 
lowing tables  and  exercises  —  it  is,  first, 

Because  some  other  word,  containing  a  similar  vowel,  and 
of  more  frequent  occurrence,  has  a  prior  claim  to  the  posi- 
tion ;  or,  secondly, 

Because  a  word  containing  two  or  more  consonants  is 
usually  distinct  enough  in  outline  to  be  written  in  the  sec- 
ond position  —  the  most  convenient  to  the  writer  —  regard- 
less of  its  accented  vowel;  or,  thirdly, 

Because  when  an  outline  occupies  the  entire  depth  of 
the  line  of  writing,  or  runs  above  or  below,  and  is  not 
used  for  any  other  word,  nothing  is  gained  by  writing  it  in 
any  other  than  in  the  second  position,  irrespective  of  its 
leading  vowel.  As  for  example, 


Physician,  nothing,  being,  custom,  desire,  month,  bring. 


11 

PHRASEOGRAPHY 

Or  the  joining  of  two  or  more  words  into  a  phraseograph, 
without  lifting  the  pen  from  the  paper,  is  a  method  of  ab- 
breviation at  once  time-saying,  convenient  and  beautiful. 
This  principle  can  be  carried  to  any  extent  within  the 
bounds  of  distinctness  and  convenience.  To  make  combina- 
tions in  which  the  distinctive  feature  of  one  or  more  of  the 
joined  words  is  sacrificed,  would  occasion  illegibility.  To 
combine  words  that  join  awkwardly,  or  to  make  phrases  of  in- 
convenient length,  would  be  a  loss  instead  of  a  gain  in  speed. 

The  course  of  Exercises  commenced  on  the  next  page,  will, 
if  correctly  read  and  repeatedly  copied,  conduct  the  student 
to  the  briefest  style  of  phonographic  writing.  They  are  so 
arranged  as  to  begin  with  the  corresponding  style,  using  it 
in  reporting  fashion,  and  leading  on,  step  by  step,  to  the 
utmost  brevity  compatible  with  legibility. 

The  general  rule  to  be  observed  with  respect  to  the  posi- 
tion of  a  phraseograph,  is,  for  the  first  word  to  occupy  its 
proper  position,  and  for  the  joined  words  to  accommodate 
themselves  to  the  position  of  the  first ;  but, 

When  the  legibility  of  the  second  word  in  the  phraseo- 
graph depends  upon  its  proper  position  being  retained,  the 
first  word  must  accommodate  itself  to  the  position  of  the 
second. 

When  /  is  joined  to  other  words,  it  may,  without  danger 
of  illegibility,  be  abbreviated  to  the  first  or  second  stroke  of 
the  sign ;  the  first  half  being  always  written  downwards, 
and  the  second  always  upwards.  See  next  page;  but, 

When  /  precedes  the  stroke  s  or  z,  as  in  /  say,  I  was,  it 
is  best  to  'write  it  in  full,  also  when  i  is  joined  to  outlines,  as 
in  item,  ideal,  etc. 

The  student  is  advised,  first,  to  read  a  page  of  the  en- 
graved exercises,  next  to  copy  it,  then  to  write  it  from  dic- 
tation, and  lastly  to  read  over  his  own  writing.  No  more 
special  direction  can  be  given  as  to  the  amount  of  practice 
which  the  student  should  give  to  reading  and  writing,  be- 
yond the  very  safe  one,  that  he  should  exercise  himself  most 
in  that  which  he  finds  most  difficult. 


12 

PHRASEOGRAPH  Y. 

JOINED  You.  1.  You  may,  you  can,  you  must,  you  will, 
you  are,  you  will  be,  you  will  have,  you  will  do,  you  will 
have  been.  2.  You  may  have,  you  must  be,  you  must  have, 
you  must  not,  you  must  not  be,  you  must  not  have,  you 
can  be,  you  can  have. 

JOINED  WE.  3.  We  have,  we  have  no,  we  have  been,  we 
have  done,  we  have  said,  we  have  seen,  we  do,  we  think, 
we  think  so,  we  think  you.  4.  We  think  that,  we  think  you 
may,  we  think  you  will,  we  think  you  are,  we  think  you 
must,  we  shall,  we  shall  be,  we  shall  have,  we  shall  not, 
we  shall  not  have.  5.  We  shall  not  be,  we  shall  not  think 
you,  we  fear,  we  fear  you  are,  we  fear  you  will,  we  fear  you 
will  be,  we  fear  you  must,  we  fear  you  must  be,  we  find. 

JOINED  I.  6.  I  have,  I  have  no,  I  have  been,  I  have  done, 
I  have  said,  I  have  seen  them,  I  have  known.  I  have  just, 
I  have  taken,  I  shall,  I  shall  be.  7.  I  shall  have,  I  shall 
not,  I  shall  not  have,  I  shall  not  be,  I  think,  I  think  yr.  I 
think  so,  I  think  that,  I  think  you,  I  think  you  are,  I  think 
you  will.  8.  I  think  you  may,  I  think  you  must,  I  think 
you  must  be,  I  think  you  must  have,  I  will,  I  will  be,  I  will 
have,  I  will  do,  I  will  try.  9.  I  am,  I  am  sure,  I  am  very, 
I  am  very  sure,  I  am  glad,  I  am  very  glad,  I  am  sorry,  I 
am  very  sorry,  I  am  inclined.  10.  I  do,  I  fear,  I  fear  yoa 
are,  I  fear  you  will,  I  fear  you  will  have,  I  fear  you  will 
be,  I  fear  you  may,  I  fear  you  must,  I  fear  you  must  not. 
11.  I  must,  I  must  be,  I  must  have,  I  must  not,  I  must  not 
have,  I  must  not  be,  I  find,  I  understand,  I  understood. 

JOINED  Is.  12.  It  is,  that  is,  in  his,  for  his,  it  is  not,  tell 
his,  think  his,  there  is,  when  is,  this  is,  it  is  his,  of  his,  to 
his,  all  his.  13.  On  his,  should  his,  (struck  upward) ;  who 
is,  is  not,  is  sent,  is  this,  is  then,  is  done,  is  said,  is  safe, 
is  seen,  is  his,  is  such. 

JOINED  Us.  The  reporter  may,  without  danger  of  illegi- 
bility, use  the  joined  circle  for  us,  as  well  as  is-hts.  14.  Tell 
us,  tell  us  his,  defend  us,  let  us,  save  us,  think  us,  take  us, 
takes  us,  send  us,  love  us,  loves  us. 


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14 


PURASKOGRAPHY. 


JOINED  As-HAS.  1.  Has  been,  it  has  been,  has  done,  it 
has  done,  as  for,  has  not,  as  well,  as  well  as,  as  soon  as,  as 
long  as,  as  has,  as  has  been.  2.  As  good  as,  as  far  as,  such 
as,  such  has  been,  such  as  would,  such  as  can,  there  has  not 
been,  it  has  not  been,  this  has  not  taken,  nothing  has  been. 
JOINED  A-AN-AND.  3.  In  a,  when  a,  for  a,  that  a,  send 
a,  was  a,  till  a,  then  a,  into  a,  can  a,  it  is  a.  4.  Does  a, 
just  a,  against  a,  this  is  a,  of  a,  all  a,  to  a,  or  a,  already 
a,  but  a,  before  a,  on  a,  ought  a,  should  a,  who  a,  is  a,  as  a. 

INITIAL  A-AN-AND.  5.  And  that,  and  for,  and  generally, 
and  do  you,  and  have  you,  and  where,  and  this,  and  this  is 
a,  and  then  a,  and  when  a,  and  accordingly,  and  is,  and  as. 

JOINED  THE.  6.  For  the,  when  the,  then  the,  accordingly 
the,  whatever  the,  upon  the,  above  the,  where  the,  which 
the,  gave  the,  was  the,  can  the.  7.  It  is  the,  this  is  the, 
against  the,  of  the,  all  the,  to  the,  or  the,  already  the,  but 
the,  before  the,  on  the,  ought  the,  should  the,  who  the,  is 
the,  as  the,  his  is  the,  as  is  the. 

JOINED  HE.  [There  is  no  danger  of  he  clashing  with  the.'] 
8.  When  he  was,  for  he  would,  does  he,  thinks  he  can,  thinks 
he  would,  then  he,  as  long  as  he,  for  he  was  the,  since  he, 
as  soon  as  he,  is  he,  as  he. 

INITIAL  HE.  [Always  written  downward.]  9.  He  was,  he 
went,  he  wont,  he  must  be,  he  might,  he  will,  he  has  been, 
he  has  done,  he  would,  he  should,  he  would  have,  he  should 
be,  he  is,  he  has. 

DOUBLE  CURVE,  adding  their-there.  10.  Save  their,  love 
their,  writing  their,  between  their,  sending  their,  saving 
their,  loving  their.  Jl.  When  there  shall  be,  for  there  is 
not,  whenever  there  is  the,  so  there  is  to  be,  was  there  any 
thing,  I  think  there  is,  I  am  sure  there  is,  are  there  as  ma- 
ny, will  there  be.  12.  Sign  their  petition,  receive  their  sanction, 
serve  their  masters,  finish  their  business,  furnish  their  room. 

DOUBLE  CURVE,  adding  ter-der.  13.  Defender  of  his,  sur- 
render his  post,  render  account,  wonder  who  would,  you  are 
entirely,  have  the  matter.  14.  Enter  his  service,  squander 
his  substance,  murder  his  reputation,  it  matters  little,  copy 
his  letters,  wander  about 


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16  PHRASKOORAl'HY. 


PHRASES  IN  THE  FIKST  POSITION  1.  If  you,  if  you  will,  if 
you  are,  if  we  were,  if  you  can,  if  this,  if  your,  by  it,  by 
which,  by  the  way,  each  other.  2.  I  will,  I  will  never,  I 
will  do,  I  am  certain,  I  am  glad,  in  all  cases,  when  I  am, 
when  he  must,  if  we.  3.  In  order  that,  in  order  to,  I  can, 
I  cannot,  of  course,  that  is,  if  it  is,  if  it  were,  if  it  is  not, 
in  the  midst,  in  a  moment. 

PHRASES  IN  THE  SECOND  POSITION.  4.  When  they  were, 
when  all  this,  in  which  the,  in  all  its,  in  all  their,  all  the 
way,  in  which  case,  of  course  it  must  be,  I  suppose  that  the, 
I  suppose  it  is.  5.  They  must  be,  till  you  can,  several  in- 
stances, it  may  require,  there  can  never,  in  all  such  cases, 
in  all  they,  give  them  the,  do  you  mean  to.  6.  After  that, 
without  it,  without  such,  great  advantage,  sent  them,  send 
it,  as  soon  as  they  were,  can  be  made,  one  of  them,  let  us 
have,  let  us  consider. 

PHRASES  IN  THE  THIRD  POSITION.  7.  At  the,  had  the,  du- 
ring the,  had  you  made,  at  such,  to  be  sure,  to  be  there, 
I  hope  you  will,  I  hope  you  can,  other  reasons,  few  persons. 
8.  Though  you  may,  though  you  will,  though  you  are,  those 
who  are,  in  much  the,  not  to  be  made,  however  you  may,  how- 
ever you  will,  our  reasons.  9.  Human  heart,  human  kind, 
whom  you  may,  whom  you  are,  viewed  it,  used  it,  had  it 
settled,  about  it,  about  the,  put  it,  put  them,  young  man-men. 
PHRASES  in  which  the  joined  words  accommodate  them- 
selves to  the  position  of  the  FIRST.  10.  It  is  important,  it 
is  impossible,  you  will  understand,  I  am  glad,  of  many  of 
them,  to  many  of  them,  of  such,  to  such,  of  which  you  are, 
"to  which  you  are.  1*1.  If  this,  if  this  is  the,  there  is  no- 
thing, if  it  is  necessary,  if  they  were,  if  you  are,  to  some 
extent,  of  some  extent,  of  something,  to  something.  12.  At 
such,  though  you  may,  of  your,  to  your,  was  not  so,  it  is 
said,  it  is  not  so,  must  do,  must  not  be,  let  us  proceed. 

PHRASES  in  which  the  joined  words  accommodate  them- 
telves  to  the  position  of  the  SECOND.  13.  In  each,  in  which, 
in  much,  of  these,  of  this,  of  those,  of  either,  of  their,  of 
other,  I  did  not,  I  do  not,  I  had  not.  14.  Give  these  give 
this,  give  those,  and  if,  and  for,  and  few,  as  these,  etc. 


r 


^  1-' 


s. C C 


REPORTING    ABBREVIATIONS. 

TRIPLE-SIZED  CCRVES  may  be  occasionally  used  without  dan- 
ger of  illegibility.  1.  Surrender  their  posts,  squander  their 
substance,  render  their  accounts,  further  their  interests, 
whether  there  are,  whether  their  means.  2.  Smother  their 
friends,  slaughter  their  foes,  enter  their  protest,  center  their 
energies,  feather  their  nests,  murder  their  reputation. 

OWN  represented  by  the  final  N  hook.  3.  Their  own,  your 
own,  have  their  own,  save  their  own,  further  their  own, 
when  their  own,  murder  their  own,  know  their  own,  was 
their  own. 

WE- WITH,  represented  by  the  initial  W  hook.  4.  We  will, 
we  will  not,  we  are,  we  are  in,  we  are  not,  we  may,  we 
may  as  well,  we  must  leave,  we  mean-to,  we  mean  to  have, 
we  mean  to  be.  5.  We  must  be,  we  must  have,  we  must 
try,  we  might,  we  might  as  well,  we  might  not,  we  met, 
we  meant-to,  we  meant  to  have,  we  meant  to  be,  we  may 
not,  we  may  not  have.  6.  With  me-my,  with  my  permis- 
sion, with  my  reasons,  with  him,  with  him  you  may,  with 
with  him  you  will,  with  whom,  with  whom  you  must,  with 
whom  you  meant,  with  whom  you  are. 

IH-UN,  represented  by  an  initial  backward  N  hook.  7.  Inspi- 
ration, inconsiderate,  in  consideration,  insulting,  insolvency, 
insecurity,  unseasoned,  unseasonable,  unseemly,  unscrupulous. 
8.  In  some  cases,  in  as  many  as  possible,  in  some  pursuits, 
in  seeming,  in  something,  in  slandering,  in  slaughtering,  in 
smothering. 

IT  expressed  by  halving  the  final  (straight)  consonant  of  a 
word.  9.  Take  it,  took  it,  fetch  it,  write  it,  make  it,  knock 
it,  preach  it,  approach  it,  at  it,  had  it 

OF  THE,  indicated  by  writing  the  words  between  which  the 
phrase  occurs  closer  than  usual.  1  0.  Remarks  of  the  speak- 
er, head  of  the  department,  subject  of  the  speech,  rep-esent- 
ation  of  the  language,  inventor  of  the  alphabet,  meaning  of 
the  Constitution,  letters  of  the  Tribune,  civilization  of  the 
people.  11.  Wealth  of  the  nation,  industry  of  the  people, 
speech  of  the  President,  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  height 
of  the  tower,  music  of  the  spheres,  beauty  of  the  scene,  etc. 


19 


(£*  cvctse. 


-v- 


REPORTING)    ABBREVIATIONS.       ' 

COM,  CON,  COG,  indicated  by  writing  the  remainder  of  the 
word  or  phrase  nearly  close  to,  and,  when  convenient,  somewhat 
below  the  preceding  syllable  or  word.  1.  In  comparison,  incom- 
plete, I  will  not  complain,  I  will  contrive,  does  not  contain, 
receive  his  consent,  does  not  contend,  all  such  contentions, 
I  will  not  discomfort  them.  2.  Their  misconduct,  do  you 
accompany  them,  in  all  his  complaints,  is  uncontrolled,  we 
are  recommended,  I  will  not  condescend,  you  must  contra- 
dict, need  not  discompose  yourself. 

LB,  RL,  ML,  NL,  represented  by  large  initial  hook  signs.  3. 
Learn,  learned,  learner,  learned,  color,  cooler,  gallery,  roller, 
intolerable.  4.  Real-ly,  rely,  rail,  rule,  relative,  relation,  re- 
lented, relinquish,  girl,  pearl.  5.  Family,  enamel,  melan- 
choly, million,  camel,  promulgate,  promulgation.  6.  Only, 
this  only,  journal,  Phrenology,  chronology,  Colonel,  funnel, 
tunnel,  cannel. 

HP  sign,  also  represents  in  reporting  style,  MB,  in  Phraseoyra- 
phy  MAY  BE.  7.  Amoition,  ambitious,  imbecile,  embellish, 
perambulate,  it  may  be  ready,  it  may  be  as  well,  you  may 
be  right,  you  may  be  wrong.  8.  May  be  considered,  may 
be  made,  there  may  be  some  difficulty,  there  may  be  little, 
which  may  be  likely,  with  which  it  may  be  received,  they 
may  be  certain,  they  may  be  required. 

WE  MAY  BE,  used  only  in  Phraseoaraphy.  9.  We  may  be 
able,  we  may  be  able  to,  we  may  be  required,  we  may  be 
addressed,  we  may  be  governed,  we  may  be  gratified,  we 
may  be  greatly,  we  may  be  found,  we  may  be  chosen.  10. 
We  may  be  charged,  we  may  be  certain,  we  may  be  quite 
sure,  we  may  be  tried,  we  may  be  present,  we  may  be  per- 
sonal-ly,  we  may  be  considered,  we  may  be  thrown. 

M-PER,  M-BER,  represented  by  a  double-length  MP-MB.  11. 
Timber,  lumber,  chamber,  cumber,  September,  Humber,  etc. 

N-KER,  N-GER,  represented  by  a  double-length  NG.  12.  An- 
chor, rancor,  anger,  finger,  stronger,  longer,  longer  than. 

MKXTAL,  represented  by  a  disjoined  MENT.  13.  Instrument*!. 
or  instrumentality,  ornamental,  monumental,  etc. 

FROM  —  TO.  14.  From  time  'o  time,  from  day  to  day, 
from  hour  to  hour,  from  place  to  place,  from  year  to  year,  etc. 


KL 

C    c    C 


21 


L-> 


c 


O 


\   \^~^A 


22  REPORTING    ABBREVIATIONS. 

TERMINATION  BLE-BLY-BILITY,  represented  by  a  joined  B  u-hen 
BL  would  be  inconvenient.  1.  Admissible,  attainable,  tenable, 
irrascible,  impassable,  sensible-ility,  expansible-ility,  incom- 
prehensible-ility,  accessible-ility. 

To,  occasionally  omitted  in  Phraseography.  2.  Mean  to  be, 
we  mean  to  have,  we  meant  to  be,  according  to  all  the,  said 
to  have,  js  said  to  have,  in  relation-to-the,  with  respect-to-the, 
in  referring-to-the,  in  reference-to-the.  [The  vowel  sign  for 
to  is  written  when  it  can  be  conveniently  joined.]  3.  To 
him,  to  make,  to  come,  to  have,  to  represent,  to  write,  to 
render,  to  leave,  to  some  extent,  to  mention. 

OF,  OF  THE,  occasionally  omitted  in  Phraseographs.  4.  Church 
of  God,  Church  of  Christ,  kingdom  of  heaven,  word  of  God, 
words  of  my  text,  Son  of  God,  prttnt  of  view,  point  of  fact, 
House  of  Representatives,  member  of  Congress.  5.  Houses 
of  Parliament,  world  of  fashion,  members  of  Parliament, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  circumstances  of  the  case,  one  of 
the  most,  liberty  of  the  people,  liberty  of  the  press,  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  Stat?s,  President  of  the  United  States. 

OMISSION  of  unimportant  words  in  Phraseographs.  6.  On  the 
contrary,  in  the  world,  for  the  sake  of,  more  or  less,  on  the 
one  hand,  on  the  other  hand,  on  either  hand,  in  the  first 
place,  in  the  second  place,  in  the  next  place,  in  the  last 
place. 

PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES  occasionally  joined.  1.  Introduce,  in- 
troduced, interfere,  interest,  entertain,  entertained,  interpret, 
intercourse,  therefore,  undertake,  interchange,  selfish. 

VOCALIZED  WORDS.  The  following  words  will  be  illegible  if 
left  unvocalized.  8.  Idea,  item,  identified,  wide,  wife,  ice, 
eyes,  highest,  now,  new.  9.  Endowed,  occupy,  occupied, 
suit,  else;  seat,  site,  (when  used  for  city.)  Obey,  era,  area, 
(Write  one  or  both  vowels ;  if  one  only,  the  latter.) 

FIGURES.  Write  the  Arabic  figures  for  numbers,  except 
one,  two,  three,  ten,  twelve.  Write  the  value  of  noughts  in 
Phonography.  See  line  10.  1,  2,  3,  10,  12.  24,000,  2,- 
000,000,  13,000,000,  17,000,  £146,000,000,  $18,000,000. 

SCRIPTURE  REFERENCES.  Write  the  book  in  the  first  posi- 
tion, the  chapter  in  the  second,  and  the  verve  in  the  third. 


x  f  r  r  s  c . 


>  e  e 


v 


/"   «      3    2. 


la/ 


V  •  ^    2.. 


J 


9       ^ 


X        ^.-        ^N- 


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'S 


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24  REPORTING   ABBREVIATIONS,    ETC. 

IT,  expressed  by  halving  a  logograph.  1.  Is  it,  as  it,  of  it 
have  it,  give  it,  gave  it,  over  it,  from  it,  if  it,  wish  it, 
when  it,  think  it,  upon  it.  2.  Above  it,  till  it,  until  it,  which 
it,  which  will  it,  had  it  or  had  had,  there  it,  has  had  it,  etc. 

EXCEPTIONAL  ABBREVIATIONS.  For  contractions  not  numerous 
enough  for  classification,  see  VOCABULARY.  3.  Nevertheless,  not- 
withstanding, temperance  society,  Weslejan  Society,  in  rela- 
tion to-the,  in  regard  to-the,  in  respect  to-the,  in  referring 
to-the,  in  reference  to-the.  4.  With  respect  to-the,  with  refer- 
ence to-the,  with  regard  to-the,  posterity,  Indian  Territory, 
identical,  infinite,  kingdom  of  God,  kingdom  of  Christ.  5. 
Before  hand,  whensoever,  wheresoever,  onward,  the  first  thing, 
the  first  subject,  the  first  po  sition,  the  first  and  second,  etc. 

DIRECTION  OP  THE  STROKE  VOWELS  on.  should ;  he.  It  has 
heretofore  been  optional  with  the  reporter  to  strike  on  and 
should  upward  or  downward.  It  is  better  to  make  it  a  rule 
to  write  both  of  these  vowel  signs  in  an  upward  direction, 
whether  standing  alone  or  joined.  By  observing  this  rule, 
on  will  never  clash  with  he ;  and  he,  which  is  uniformly 
written  downward,  may,  without  danger  of  illegibility,  be 
allowed  to  stand  alone,  by  making  it  somewhat  more  ap- 
right,  like  ch;  and  on,  a  little  more  slanting,  like  the  up- 
ward r.  There  is  little  danger  of  on  clashing  with  /. 

POSITIVE  AND  NEGATIVE  WORDS,  containing  the  same  conso- 
nants, are  distinguished  either  by  a  difference  of  position,  or  of 
outline.  6.  Moral,  immoral;  mortal,  immortal;  material,  im- 
material; resistible,  irresistible;  legal,  illegal;  religion,  ir- 
religion. 

WORDS  containing  the  same  consonants  and  the  same  position 
vowels,  but  of  unlike  meaning,  are  distinguished  by  a  difference 
of  outline.  7.  God,  guide ;  greatly,  gradually ;  desolate,  dis- 
solute ;  agen'.,  gentlemen ;  cost,  caused ;  ruined,  renewed,  etc. 
UNLIKE  WORDS,  written  with  the  same  outline,  are  rendered 
sufficiently  distinct  by  a  difference  of  position.  10.  Migrate,  em- 
igrate; amiable,  humble:  amazement,  amusement;  women, 
woman ;  ne-'  Hess,  endless ;  stable,  suitable ;  anybody,  no- 
body ;  epistle,  apostle ;  opposition,  position,  possession  ;  prove, 
approve;  indicted,  indebted,  undoubted;  utterly,  truly,  etc. 


25 


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26 

PHRASEOGRAPH Y. 

When  the  student  begins  to  join  words  into  phrases,  he  will 
not  at  first  realize  their  importance  in  the  attainment  of 
speed;  because  the  thought  and  time  which  he  yet  has  to 
expend  in  recalling  the  forms  of  words,  will  be  increased 
by  the  effort  to  unite  them  into  phrases.  This  additional 
thought,  however,  is  only  incidental  to  the  student's  initia- 
tory practice.  To  the  advanced  Phonographer,  who  writes 
from  habit,  without  any  perceptible  effort  oT  thought,  and 
therefore  without  any  perceptible  loss  of  time  in  recalling 
the  forms  of  words,  the  saving  of  time  effected  by  not  lift- 
ing the  pen  from  the  paper,  is  nearly  one-half  of  that  which 
would  be  needed  to  write  the  words  separately. 

OJrtitnc;  HSitrttSt.  1  That  which  you  may  desire  to  do 
is  not  necessarily  that  which  is  best  to  be  done.  2  We 
have  known  several  instances  in  which  their  intentions  and 
desires  have  been  misunderstood.  3  You  must  be  willing 
to  admit  your  errors,  whether  you  are  inclined  or  not.  4 
We  have  seen  all  the  paintings  on  exhibition,  and  we  think 
many  of  them  are  excellent.  5  When  it  is  your  determina- 
tion to  leave,  you  must  be  sure  to  let  me  know.  6  We  fear 
you  will  be  so  much  interested  that  you  may  forget  your 
more  important  duties.  7  We  have  seen  nothing  in  the  way 
of  painting  that  could  for  a  moment  be  compared  with  it. 
8  You  must  always  endeavor  to  behave  in  this  manner  to- 
wards one  another.  9  There  are  several  instances  in  which 
you  may  perceive  that  you  are  evidently  in  the  wrong. 
10  We  think  you  will  find  that  there  are  as  many  persons 
present  as  can  be  comfortably  seated.  11  It  is  manifest  that 
his  intention  has  been  frustrated,  and  who  would  not  be 
glad  that  it  has  been?  12  When  all  that  can  be  said  in  its 
favor  is  considered,  you  will  determine  its  worth.  13  You 
may  prevent  him  making  mischief  when  it  is  your  interest 
and  disposition  to  do  so.  14  You  may  tell  them  that  we 
shall  be  sure  to  be  there  sometime  before  they  return.  15 
You  will  be  sure  to  be  told  when  it  is  necessary  that  yon 
should  know  what  it  is. 


J 


27 


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28 

REPORTING    PRACTICE. 

The  size  of  the  writing  in  these  exercises  is  larger  than 
the  advanced  Phonographer  is  recommended  to  adopt;  but 
it  is  not  larger  than  should  be  used  during  the  first  two 
months  of  the  student's  practice. 

Xo  exact  size  can  be  recommended  as  a  standard  for  all 
writers.  That  size  which  woifld  be  best  for  a  neat  and  pre- 
cise writer,  would  be  found  to  be  a  check  upon  the  speed 
of  a  naturally  quick  and  somewhat  careless  penman.  The 
student  who  writes  a  precise  longhand,  will  find  these  ex- 
ercises may  be  advantageously  reduced  one-third  in  size  af- 
ter two  months'  practice;  while  free,  easy,  and  careless 
writers,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage,  both  for  the  attain- 
ment of  speed,  and  ease  in  deciphering  their  notes,  to  write 
nearly  as  large  as  the  exercises  here  given. 

(Ltlritincj  3£imise.  1.  All  that  you  ordered  you  will  be 
likely  to  receive  this  day,  or  to-morrow  most  certainly. 
2.  There  are  many  persons  in  this  city  who  would  be  glad 
to  undertake  it  in  a  moment.  3.  You  will  find  that  all 
that  is  necessary  to  be  done  has  been  already  attended  to. 
4.  There  is  nothing  more  you  can  do  for  them,  so  you  may 
as  well  go.  5.  You  must  always  do  that  which  in  your 
best  judgment  is  best  to  be  done.  6.  You  must  surely  know 
that  your  behavior  for  the  most  part  has  been  inexcusable. 
7.  There  is  much  that  you  will  be  sure  to  be  told  as  soon 
as  your  friends  return.  8.  Did  you  mention  to  me  that  it 
was  your  intention  to  prevent  the  nuisance  1  9.  It  is  not 
that  which  seems  most  likely  that  is  to  be  received  without 
some  examination.  10.  We  have  told  him  that  from  this 
time  it  must  not  be  depended  upon  for  anything.  11.  We 
fear  you  will  be  likely  to  promise  more  than  you  can 
possibly  do.  12.  You  will  most  likely  be  very  much  inter- 
ested in  all  that  takes  place.  13.  Many  of  those  who  were 
the  first  to  promise  cannot  be  relied  upon  in  time  of  need. 
14.  That  which  is  worth  doing  you  will  certainly  admit  is 
worth  doing  well.  15.  We  have  seen  them  several  times, 
and  we  have  known  their  family  to  some  extent. 


29 


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30 


DNVOCALIZEU    PHONOGRAPHY. 


The  Phonographer  should,  from  the  commencement  of  his 
practice,  familiarize  himself  with  the  outlines  of  words,  that 
is,  consonant  outlines  left  unvocalized.  There  is  not  time  in 
reporting  to  insert  any  but  necessary  vowels,  and  these  very 
seldom  occur.  To  the  practiced  Phonographer,  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  words  of  the  language  are  as  familiar  without  as 
with  vowels.  The  words  succeed,  acquaintance,  excellent,  occur- 
ring in  the  second  and  third  lines  on  the  opposite  page,  are 
examples.  The  contraction  Hon.  for  Honorable,  when  we  are 
once  familiar  with  it,  is  as  easily  read  as  would  be  the  word 
in  full;  and  when  Dr.,  which  means  either  Doctor  or  Debtor, 
is  employed,  we  know  by  the  connection  in  which  it  is  used, 
what  it  is  intended  to  indicate.  So  when  a  Phonographic 
sign  is  employed  to  represent  two  words,  its  connection,  with 
equal  certainty,  determines  its  meaning. 

OUritt'ng  -BuntSt.  !•  I  am  sure  you  will  find  it  to  your 
advantage  to  listen  attentively  to  his  advice.  2.  When  I  am 
inclined  I  shall  be  likely  to  succeed  in  all  that  I  undertake. 
3.  I  am  glad  you  have  made  his  acquaintance  just  now,  for 
he  is  an  excellent  man.  4.  I  am  certain  I  shall  never  suc- 
ceed in  this  work  without  your  help.  5.  I  dare  say  I  shall 
have  abundant  reason  to  regret  many  things  I  have  said. 
6.  I  need  scarcely  tell  you  that  I  cannot  sanction  such  a 
foolish  attempt.  7.  I  suppose  I  am  entitled  to  as  many  as 
I  have  already  received.  8.  I  know  that  you  will  take  care 
of  their  property,  and  I  will  ask  nothing  more.  9.  I  fear 
you  will  be  greatly  fatigued,  and  I  beg  you  will  return  as 
soon  as  possible.  10.  I  will  let  them  know  that  I  must 
not  be  trifled  with  in  this  manner.  11.  I  have  done  all  I 
can  to  further  the  interests  of  that  association.  12.  I  am 
certain  that  you  are  needed,  and  I  think  you  may  as  well  go 
there  immediately.  13.  I  have  always  observed  it.  but  I  have 
never  mentioned  it  before.  14.  I  understood  it  was  his  dis- 
covery, but  I  cannot  credit  it.  15.  I  must  prevent  a  repeti- 
tion of  such  scenes,  for  I  think  them  disgraceful. 


A         ^^^-1 

7  No  J 


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32 

THE    LIMIT    OF    INACCURACY. 

The  legibility  of  Phonography  is  admitted  by  all  who  are 
acquainted  with  it,  but  the  legibility  of  the  student's  phonogra- 
phy depends  upon  himself.  Words,  Phonograph ically  expressed» 
are  readily  deciphered  when  the  written  signs  are  more  like 
what  they  are  intended  for,  than  they  are  like  anything  else : 
this  must  be  the  limit  of  the  student's  carelessness.  The 
writer  will  soon  become  familiar  with  his  own  particular 
style  of  inaccuracy,  but  the  nearer  he  approaches  the  stand- 
ard forms  of  words,  the  greater  will  be  the  ease  with  which 
his  writing  will  be  deciphered  by  others.  A  neat  and  pre- 
cise style  should  be  the  ever  present  aim  of  the  student. 

dUrittrtjj  jGimtJ&l.  1.  When  a  man  does  not  know  that 
he  is  in  the  wrong  he  is  not  to  be  blamed.  2.  You  will  be 
certain  to  receive  them,  for  he  was  engaged  all  day  in  fin- 
ishing them.  3.  He  has  intimated  that  he  is  not  inclined  to 
listen  to  any  such  proposals  from  that  quarter.  4.  He  could 
not  answer  more  than  he  understood,  and  that,  certainly,  was 
little  enough.  5.  He  wisely  considered  that  the  best  thing 
to  be  done  was  to  trouble  them  with  It  no  more.  6.  He 
must  know  that  the  only  consideration  he  is  entitled  to,  is 
that  which  his  birth  bestows.  7.  He  went  away  as  soon  as 
it  was  discovered  that  he  was  nothing  more  than  a  design- 
ing trickster.  8.  He  surely  is  not  in  earnest,  for  he  must 
know  that  he  is  not  advancing  the  interests  of  his  friends. 
9.  He  told  them  that  in  less  than  a  year  he  would  most 
likely  be  on  the  way  to  Mexico.  10.  He  has  not  finished  his 
lessons,  therefore  he  must  not  think  of  returning  with  them. 
11.  He  has  never  said  that  he  has  given  them  or  any  one 
else  permission  to  obtain  them.  12.  He  is  in  a  most  critical 
position,  and  he  may  find  it  difficult  to  get  relief.  13.  You 
will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  he  has  reminded  them  that  he 
is  not  to  be  imposed  upon.  14.  He  has  not  entertained  a 
very  good  opinion  of  them  since  he  was  admitted  a  member. 
1 5.  He  must  not  be  blamed,  for  he  meant  to  behave  towards 
them  better  than  they  dessrved. 


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34 

LINES,    THEORETICAL     AND    PRACTICAL. 

Theoretically,  every  line  employed  in  Phonography  is  a 
right  line,  or  an  arc  of  some  circle.  Practically,  all  light 
lines  become,  to  the  fluent  writer,  portions  of  ellipses.  The 
most  rapid  continuous  line  that  can  be  described,  is  a  flat- 
tened ellipse.  The  swiftest  motions  of  a  skilled  penman,  or 
the  beautiful  lines  described  by  a  dog's  paw,  as  he  scratches 
his  ear,  seem  to  be  governed  by  the  same  law  that  deter- 
mines the  orbits  of  the  heavenly  bodies.  The  greater  the 
velocity,  the  flatter  the  arc.  This  law  is  referred  to,  only 
that  the  student  may  be  cautioned  not  to  permit  his  right 
lines  to  become  perceptible  curves,  and  to  induce  him  to 
strive  for  accuracy  of  outline  in  other  respects. 

SStrttt'njj  "Kimijeft.  1.  When  he  was  examining  into  their 
claims  he'  went  into  the  minutest  details  with  them.  2.  Ho 
is  the  best  gymnast  we  have  seen,  and  there  are  many  ex- 
cellent ones  in  this  city.  3.  As  soon  as  you  are  ready  vou 
will  have  to  tell  him,  for  he  knows  nothing  of  it  4.  In  all 
such  cases  he  determined  that  he  would  not  be  imposed 
upon  more  than  once.  5.  He  may  as  well  leave,  for  he  is  not 
likely  to  have  a  better  opportunity  this  season.  6.  In  this  he 
was  most  conscientious,  for  he  remained  there  several  days 
without  any  remuneration.  7.  When  he  was  in  the  army 
he  was  noted  for  his  judgment  and  discipline.  8.  You  will 
perceive  that  he  gave  many  of  them  some  most  judicious 
advice.  9.  When  he  was  recently  in  conversation  with  them 
he  forbade  all  mention  of  it.  10.  There  are  many  better  rea- 
sons for  this  course  which  he  is  not  inclined  to  explain. 
11.  When  he  was  arranging  their  expedition  he  counselled 
them  against  it.  12.  He  must  not  have  his  energies  dis- 
tracted, or  he  will  be  sure  to  be  beaten.  13.  You  must 
recollect  that  what  he  thinks  he  can  do,  he  is  most  likely 
to  succeed  in.  14.  He  is  sure  to  prevent  it  when  he  knows 
something  of  their  abominable  antecedents.  15.  It  is  a  cus- 
tom which  he  intends  to  abolish  as  soon  as  it  has  been 
properly  discussed. 


Stustogrttjt^j, 

j?     x     y/r. 


3  ^ 

4  ^O 


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-o 


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11     )        V 


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36 

METHOD    OF    PRACTICE. 

After  the  corresponding  style  is  mastered,  t'_:f  student  is 
recommended  to  take  one  page  of  reporting  pit-ctice  at  a 
time,  which  should  first  be  carefully  rea  \,  to  ascertain  if 
every  principle  of  abbreviation  introduced  is  thoroughly  un- 
derstood. The  page  should  then  be  read  several  times,  so 
that  the  eye  may  become  familiarized  with  the  words,  for  only 
when  the  forms  of  words  are  familiar,  like  the  faces  of  our 
friends,  should  the  student  commence  to  write  them.  When 
the  words  can  be  traced  with  some  degree  of  ease  and  speed, 
the  student  should  write  from  dictation,  and  the  same  page 
may  be  advantageously  written  ten  to  twenty  times. 

dUrittnjg  JSltrttSt.  1.  It  is  true  we  might  have  given 
it  our  consideration,  but  we  are  inclined  to  think  it  is  bet- 
ter to  leave  it  ag  it  is.  2.  It  is  possible  we  may  not  under- 
stand each  other  on  this  point,  we  must  therefore  try  to  be 
somewhat  more  explicit.  3.  We  will  not  undeceive  you  just 
now,  but  we  may  mention  that  your  interests  will  not  be 
forgotten.  4.  We  did  not  think  you  would  be  willing  to 
acknowledge  that  your  counsels  led  us  to  this  dreadful  ca- 
tastrophe. 5.  We  must  be  willing  to  render  them  assistance, 
for  we  may  be  liable  to  such  accidents  ourselves.  6.  Al- 
though we  may  not  be  able  to  realize  all  that  we  desire, 
we  mean  to  do  all  that  we  possibly  can.  7.  We  will  listen 
to  anything  you  may  suggest,  but  we  will  not  promise  to 
comply.  8.  We  have  told  you  several  times  that  we  must 
not  remain  when  there  is  nothing  more  for  us  to  do.  9.  We 
may  wonder  at  his  success,  but  we  will  not  discourage  him 
in  his  attempts.  10.  We  will  not  inconvenience  you  just 
now,  and  there  is  no  necessity  for  you  to  further  insist. 
11.  If  we  are  assured  that  he  will  be  willing  to  comply,  we 
will  not  press  our  claims.  12.  It  is  no  wonder  that  he 
should  be  defeated  when  so  few  are  devoted  to  his  interests. 
13.  We  are  not  certain  of  its  fulfilment,  for  we  dare  not  re- 
ly upon  his  promise.  14.  We  will  consider,  for  we  must  be 
sure  of  our  undertaking  before  we  think  of  hazarding,  ete. 


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38 

WRITING    PRACTICE. 

It  is  a  waste  of  time  for  the  student  to  attempt  to  write 
rapidly  before  he  can  write  well.  The  difficulty  of  reading 
badly-written  Phonography,  more  than  counterbalances  the 
speed  acquired  at  the  expense  of  distinctness.  The  word  to 
he  written  should  be  perfectly  familiar  to  the  student,  that 
is,  its  outline  should  be  a  picture  in  the  mind's  eye,  which 
m:iy  be  recalled  without  any  apparent  reflection.  When  this  is 
the  case,  the  student  may  write  as  fast  as  he  can,  to  write 
well,  and  every  hour's  practice  will  increase  his  speed. 

(Ulntinij  Bicrnst.  It  will  not  be  your  fault  if  you  do 
not  succeed,  but  till  you  fail  I  will  not  believe  that  you  can. 
2.  You  must  not  think  that  1  will  not  agree  to  it  when  it 
is  fairly  brought  before  the  house.  3.  We  are  not  disposed 
to  act  upon  your  suggestion  till  it  is  better  understood  and 
appreciated.  4.  I  fear  you  will  not  obtain  his  permission,  if 
he  cannot  get  the  record  in  time.  5.  If  I  am  not  able  to 
succeed,  I  do  not  wish  it  to  be  considered  a  matter  of  re- 
gret. 6.  Were  it  not  for  this  decision  on  their  part,  I  have 
not  the  slightest  doubt  we  might  succeed.  7.  If  it  be  not 
already  secured  I  cannot  obtain  it  till  the  council  is  re- 
organized. 8.  We  are  not  liable  to  prosecution  if  it  is  not 
brought  before  the  House  this  session.  9.  I  did  not  observe 
till  it  was  too  late,  that  they  were  not  sufficiently  protected 
for  such  a  journey.  10.  It  would  have  been  better  if  such 
as  are  not  accustomed  to  the  drill  had  been  dismissed  at 
once.  11.  I  do  not  know  the  road  sufficiently  well  to  be 
sure,  but  1  think  such  will  not  be  our  fate.  12.  It  would 
not  have  occurred  had  it  not  been  for  this  most  foolish  and 
troublesome  discovery  of  theirs.  13.  I  have  not  received  the 
result  of  their  most  recent  statistics,  but  I  think  it  will  not 
be  likely  to  present  an  increase.  14.  If  it  were  not  for 
this,  the  craftiest  trick  of  all,  their  discomfiture  would  be 
certain  and  immediate.  15.  I  will  not  intentionally  mis- 
represent them,  but  I  do  not  think  we  are  right  in  admit- 
ting- them. 


89 


a  s  f  o  5  r  a  11  'i  ri . 


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40 

UNVOCALIZED    PHONOGRAPHY. 

The  student's  6rst  attempts  to  read  unvocalized  Phonog- 
raphy will  not  be  unattended  with  difficulty  ;  but  when  a 
page,  like  the  opposite  —  and  a  more  difficult  one  could  not 
well  he  selected  —  has  been  read  several  Units,  and  the  stu- 
dent discovers  —  as  he  will  be  sure  to  do  sooner  or  later  — 
that  each  outline  has  its  own  distinctive  peculiarity,  which, 
when  once  known,  makes  it  almost  as  legible  without  vow- 
els as  with  them,  he  will  be  encouraged  in  his  attempts  to 
fix  in  his  mind's  eye  all  the  common  words  of  the  language, 
so  that  the  outline  will  as  readily  recall  the  word  as  the 
fully  vocalized  form. 


1.  You  must  certainly  call  some  other 
day,  when  there  is  more  to  be  seen  and  done.  2.  1  know 
there  is  no  necessity  for  this  alarm,  but  whether  you  will 
receive  their  dispatch  I  cannot  say.  3.  Whenever  there  is 
a  sign  of  dissension,  the  people,  knowing  their  rights,  will 
value  their  privileges.  4.  I  think  there  is  one  Senator  who 
will  not  be  likely  to  regret  the  passage  of  this  bill,  even  at 
this  unseasonable  hour.  5.  So  there  is  to  be  an  exhibition 
to-morrow:  I  am  sure  there  will  be  many  who  will  be  glad 
to  know  it.  6.  Whenever  there  is  the  least  excitement,  men 
leave  their  business  and  wonder  with  the  rest.  7.  I  think 
that  rather  than  submit  to  such  dictation,  the  people  would 
rather  revolt.  8.  I  shall  value  their  instructions,  for  I  have 
the  highest  opinion  of  their  intelligence  and  worth.  9. 
Whenever  there  is  a  disturbance  you  may  be  sure  there  will 
be  sufficient  force  to  preserve  us  from  harm.  10.  We  mean 
to  follow  their  directions  to  the  letter,  for  there  may  be 
some  difficulty  in  the  matter.  11.  I  think  there  is  no  par- 
ticular hurry,  as  there  is  nothing  that  can  be  done  till  the 
chairman  arrives.  12.  I  have  their  confession  it)  their  own 
words,  and  I  think  there  is  no  necessity  for  further  super- 
vision. 13.  If  there  were  better  reporters  employed,  we 
might  have  their  speeches  fully  reported.  14.  I  think  there 
will  be  little  difficulty  for  you  will  be  sure  to  have.,  ztc. 


o  c$ra  i  jjii. 


I 


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42 

READING    PRACTICE. 

While  practice,  both  in  reading  and  writing,  is  necessary 
to  make  a  reporter,  it  is  found  that  the  relative  amount  of 
each  needed  to  gain  proficiency,  greatly  varies  in  different 
persons.  To  read  Phonography  easily,  like  the  ability  to 
read  common  print  without  faltering,  or  to  spell  well,  de- 
pends, in  a  great  measure,  upon  a  person's  organization. 
Those  who  are  gifted  with  the  memory  of  sight,  that  is,  seeing 
a  thing  once  and  remembering  it,  make  good  readers  of  Pho- 
nography, unfaltering  readers  of  common  print,  and  good 
spellers.  Those  in  whom  this  faculty  is  imperfectly  devel- 
oped, will  need  to  devote  almost  as  much  time  to  reading,  as 
to  writing  Phonography. 

SSritincj  jBitrtist.  1.  It  is  difficult  to  understand  our 
own  ignorance,  for  it  requires  knowledge  to  perceive  it. 
2.  It  has  been  wisely  said  that  our  differences  of  opinion 
lessen  as  we  approach  the  grave.  3.  If  the  wise  and  the 
good  do  not  love  you,  it  is  not  your  misfortune,  but  your 
fault.  4.  It  is  difficult  for  the  rich  to  be  humble,  and  it  is 
impossible  for  the  proud  to  be  wise.  5.  There  are  several 
substitutes  for  temperance  and  exercise,  but  there  is  nothing 
so  good  as  the  things  themselves.  6.  It  is  better  to  be  a 
tortoise  on  the  right  track  than  a  racer  on  the  wrong. 
7.  Be  at  all  times  trustful  and  patient,  for  truth  and  virtue 
can  never  die.  8.  He  who  never  changed  any  of  his  opin- 
ions, never  corrected  any  of  his  mistakes.  9.  One  thing  at 
a  time,  and  that  done  well,  is  an  excellent  rule,  as  many 
can  tell.  10.  He  is  a  wise  man  who  labors  for  that  wealth 
that  comes  with  a  contented  mind.  11.  To  mistake  difficul- 
ties for  impossibilities,  may  determine  whether  you  will  suc- 
ceed or  not.  12.  If  a  man  cultivates  a  spirit  of  kindness, 
he  is  sure  to  win  affection  and  esteem.  13.  To  admit  that 
we.  have  been  in  the  wrong  is  a  proof  that  we  are  wiser 
than  we  were.  14.  If  you  would  have  your  business  prop- 
erly done,  you  must  attend  to  it  yourself.  15.  Do  all  the 
good  you  can ;  you  will  find  your  own  good  in  so  doing. 


v,   -£ x. n 


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44 

GENERAL   ABBREVIATIONS. 

The  principles  of  Phonography  and  the  methods  of  abbre- 
viation explained  in  the  Manual,  and  in  tin:  preceding  pages 
of  this  work,  will  enable  the  student  to  express  all  the 
words  of  the  language  with  exceeding  brevity,  and  yet  w»t>i 
a  distinctness  that  will  leave  no  room  for  hesitancy  in  read- 
ing. Many  of  the  abbreviations  which  will  be  found  in  th? 
Vocabulary,  depend  for  their  legibility  upon  the  connection 
in  which  a  word  is  used,  and  upon  our  assumed  acquain- 
tance with  the  language,  and  the  customary  forms  of  speech. 

When  we  learned  that  we  must  not  say  a  oblong  book 
art  hobbling  gait,  we  also  learned  that  nouns,  adjectives, 
adverbs  and  verbs,  performed  certain  specific  duties  in  the 
verbal  expression  of  thought,  and  that  a  distinct  terminology 
was  for  the  most  part  assigned  to  each  class  of  words.  Our 
habitual  speech  is  assumed  to  be  the  recognition  and  prac- 
tice of  these  laws.  If,  in  the  phrases,  "it  is  our  interest  to 
do  so,"  "I  was  greatly  interested,"  "I  shall  interest  you," 
"it  was  an  interesting  performance,"  the  italicised  words 
were  indicated  by  the  same  mark,  any  one  who  used  our 
language  as  "  to  the  manner  born,"  would  not  hesitate  in 
reading  the  sentence  correctly. 

The  form  of  the  present  and  past  tenses  of  many  verbs, 
in  like  manner,  cannot  be  interchanged:  when  there  is  a  pos- 
sibility of  doing  so,  and  where  it  would  lead  to  confusion, 
different  signs  are  provided,  and  in  no  case  are  primitives 
and  derivatives  represented  by  the  same  sign,  unless  there 
is  a  certainty  that  the  intended  word  would  be  understood. 

Happily,  there  is  no  abiding  necessity  for  all  the  abbrevi- 
ations here  provided,  but  it  is  a  great  convenience  to  the 
reporter  to  have  them  at  his  fingers' ends,  ready  for  use, 
when  an  unusual  burst  of  feeling  fires  the  speaker's  heart, 
and  loosens  his  tongue,  and  his  words  flow  with  unwonted 
fluency.  It  is  then  that  the  amazing  resources  of  the  Pho- 
nographic art,  and  its  adaptability  to  the  most  rapid  utter- 
ance, are  aa  surprising  to  the  reporter,  as  the  philosophy, 
and  rigid  accuracy  of  the  corresponding  style,  were  once  a 
satisfaction  and  delight  to  the  learner. 


\o 


°\ 
°So 


45 
EEPOETIXG  LOGOGEAMS. 


P 

1  AVeep     2  up     3  hope,  happy,  ( in  law  )  party 

1  Comply     2  people-d     3  apply         [   "N^,  3  practiced 

1  Appear     2  principle-al-ly     3  practice,     practical-ly 

2  Upon,  open     3  happen,  punish-ed-ment 
2  Poverty     3  hope  to  have 

1  Option     2  compassion     3  passion 

2  Complain     3  plan          ;^  1   completion 

1  Perfect-ed     2  proof,  prove        3  approve-al 

1  Perfection     2  operation     3  oppression 

1  Speak,  speech,   spoke     2   special       \     1   spoken 

2  Suspension     V^    2  suspense 
2  Suspicion 

1  Pence     2  pays,  oppose     3  pass,  hopes 
I     2  Possess  SNO  possessed  xxj/  possessor  Xp    possessive 
1   Weepest     2  post     3  passed,  past,  happiest 
1  Compliance     2  complains     3  appliance,  plans 


2  Spiritual-ity  £XY-^  spiritualism 
1  Express  3  suppress  2  surprise 
1  Expressed  2  s  irprised  3  suppressed 

1  Expression     2  separation     3  suppression 

2  Experience     ^^  2  experienced 

2  Inexperience,  in  (the)  experience,     c\)  inexperienced 


46 


1  Opposition,     2  position     3  possession 

3  Put 

1  Complete,  complied     3  applied 

1  Particular-ly,  appeared,  pride  2  opportunity  3  proud 

1  Point     2  opened,  upon  it     3  happened 

1  Plaintiff    2  complaint,  complained     3  plant,  planned 

1  Profit-ed-able     2  proved     3  approved 

2  Suspend 

1  Spirit     2  spread 


v         |     1  By     2  be,  object     3  to  be 
<t  1  Belong-ed     2  able 

<x  1   Liberty     2  remember,  member     3  number-ed 

v  1  Combine-ation     2  been     3  boon 

2  Above 

VN          2  Objection-able       /S^>  objective 
2  Belief,  believe       <vj  believed 
?s.  2  Remembrance 

1  Brief    2  brave 

2  Subject     3  is  to  be 

1  Buys     2  a-base,  objects      3  abuse 

2  Subjective  \    3  about 

1  Built,  build-ed-ing  2  able  to,  bold,  blood  [brute 
1  A-broad,  brought  2  remembered,  bread  3  brood, 
1  Behind,  combined,  be  not  2  bent,  bend  3  bound 


iTiMi    U  COCl.-AilS. 


V          2  Above  it 

^  1  Blind     2  blend,  blunt     3  bland 


1  Time     2  it     3  at,  out 

2  Tell,  till,   it  will     3  at  all,  until 

1  Internal,  try     2  truth     3  true 

2  Contain         attain,    ten     3    at    one,  town,  at-tune 

1  ( it )  ought  to  have     2  whatever     3  it  (would  )  have, 

3  At  length  [out  of 

'2  Twelve,  it  will  have 
n 

2  Eternal,  eternity        lj    1  Contrive 

1  City,  sit     2  set     3  suit,  sat,  satisfy-fied-actory 

•1  Consist         system       \p       this  system 

i^ 
'2   State     (sometimes  P   in  phr.]     3  stout 

1  Times,  ties,  toss     2  it  is,  its,  tis     3  itself,  at  his 
1   Tossed     2  taste,  test     3  At  first 

Contains         attains,  tens     3  at  once,  towns,  at-tunes 

1  Set  off    2  set  forth 

2  Station     3  satisfaction 

.  |  2  Constitution 

p  P 

2  Circumstance     Q   circumstances 

1  Strength     2  external-ity 
I.           2  Construction 

2  Instruct-ed        u    instructive 

(j       j     2  Instruction,    in  (or  in  the)  construction 


1.1)  ;  ,•;,:  AMS. 


2  Consistency          sustain 

2  Consistence      sustains      "]  sister 

I  It  ought     3  it  would,  it  had,  at  it 

1  Till  it,  tell  it     2  told 

1  Tried     2  toward,   trade    [not.  it  would  not.  at-tnncd 

1     Contained,  contend,  it  ou^ht  not    2  atten.l,  attained. 

1  (if)  ought  to  have  had     3  it  would  have  Lad 

1  It  will  not 

3  It  will  have  had        ^    1   contrived 
1  Constant     2  stand 

1    Consistant     2  sustained          v?  constituent 
1  Constitut-ed     2  stated       p  consisted 


b 
I 
I 

f 
P 


D 


1  Dollar     2  do,  clay     3  had,  due,  advertise-d-ment 

1  Idle     2  delivered,   delivery 

1  Doctor     2  dear     3  during,  dark 

1  Denominate-d-tion     2  done     3  down,  providential 

1  Divine     2  difFer-ent-ence     3  advance-d 

1  Edition     2  condition     3  addition 

1  Derive         k    derivative 

1  Derision     3  duration 

1  Seed,  side     2  said     3  sad,  has  had 

2  Is  said     3  has  said 

1  Steed,     2    stead     3  stood 

2  Consider-able-alily  inconsiderable 


REPORTING     LOGOGRAMS.  49 

(j  2  Said  to  have    (7    is  said  to  have 

b          2  Consideration    ^  in  (  or  in  the  )  consideration 
J  1  Denominations     2  audience     3  providence 

J  '2    Deliverance 

J  "   Darkens,  darkness     1    darken-ed 

1    Did     3  had  had,   had  it,  added 

f  1    Deli-ht-ed 

n 

1   Deride-d     2  dread-ed     3  during  it 

1   Did  not     2  do  not     3  had  not,  had  it   not 

:-!  lias  had  it 
q 

1  Considered,  considerate  ^    inconsiderate 

CH 

1  Each     2  which     3  much 

1   Each  will     2  which  will     3  much  will 

1  Cheer     2  chair,  which  arc     3  which  were 

£  1    Which  ought  to  have   2  whichever,  which  h  ve  3  which  would  have 

2  Which  are  to  have,  which  are  of  3  which  were  to  have,  wh.  were  of 
y°          1  As,  or  is  each     2  such     3  as  much 

/o  2  Such  a  one 

x°  1  Such  ought    to    have     2  such    have     3  such  would 

/*  1  Such  will    /"    such  will  have  [have 

j?  2  Such  are     3  such  were 

/  1  Which  ought,  which  it     3  which  had,  which  would 

/>  1  Child,  which  will  it 

7  1  Cheered     2  charity  <^    charitable-bly 


50 


REPORTIKG    LOGOGRAMS. 


(/  1  Which  ought  not    2  which  not    3  which  wd   not,  which  had  not 

1   Which  ought  to  have  had  2  which  have  had   3  which 
1   Which  will  not  [would  have  had 

J  2  Which  are  not     3  which  were  not 

1  Such  ought     3  such  had,  such  would 

1  Such  ought  not    3  such  would  not,  such  had  not 
f          1  Such  ought  to  have   had     2  such    have    had,  3  such 

2  Such  will  have  had  [would  have  had 
2  Such  will  not 


1  Joy    "2  advantage,  Jesus     3  large,  Jew 

/>          2  Angel  £_  angelic   ^archangel     3  evangelic 

2  Danger   %  dangers-ous  3  larger,  jury  (sometimes  t,  ) 

1  Religion, -join     2  general-ly   3  imagine-ary-ation 

2  Jehovah 

2  Generation   f  degeneration  /  £  regeneration 

/  1  Religous,  joys     2  advantages    3  Jewg 

£      ,     2  Just  3  largest 

c/  2  Generals,  generalize 

1  Religionist    2  generalized     /  3  generalization 

2  Justification 
£         3  Evangelize 

2  Jurisdiction 

1  Gentlemen    2  gentleman     3  imagined 


RETORTING     LOGOGRAMS. 


51 


K 

1  Kingdom,  common    /^"commonly     2  come,  country 

1  Call,  equal-ly     -— ^    equalization  2  difficult-y 

1  Christian-ity     2  care,  occur  t— u  occurrence     3  cure 

1  Coin     2  can 

1  Caution-ed     2  occasion-ed     3  action 

1   Call  forth 

3  Conclusion     £— >,  3  seclusion 

1  Creation    c^  1  creative,     2  careful 

1  Skill     2  scale     3  school 

1  Scripture-al.  descrihe-d     3  secure  CT      3  security 

1   Because,  kingdoms     2  comes,  countries     3  accuse 

1    Commonest,  cost     2  coast     3  cast 

1   Descriptive  cr— '   1  description 

1  Consequential    a-o  1   consequence  °^   consequent 

I  Inscribe-d         (  e—5  inscription  )     3  insecure 

1  Acquisition     2  accession     3  accusation 

I  Quite     2  could     3  act       —^  1  cannot     2  account 

1   Called,  equalled     2  cold     3  conclude-d 

1  Creature     2  court,  cared,  occurred,  3  cured,  accurate 

1  Client    '""^     my  client   e-,  his  client  ^  their  client 

1  Secret     2  sacred     3  secured  "£.""  unsecured 

1  Skilled     3  seclude,  schooled     e— |   secluded 

1  Collect-ed   c ^>  1  collective    c — ^  1  collection 

1  Correct-ed     c =>    1  corrective    c — ^    1  correction 

2  Character   c o  2  characters-ize  . o    .  chnrnctcristic 


52  REPORTING  LOGOGRAMS. 


G 

1  Give-n  2  together,  go     3  ago 

2  Glory,  glorify-ied 

1    Degree,  agree     2  grow     3  grew 

1  Begin-mng,  gone     2  again,  gum,  begun     3  began 

2  Organ       => —   1  organic 
2  Gave,  govern-ed-ment 

2  Glorification 

1  Signify-ied,  significant  [°~^  1  significancy 

1  Signification    0-3    1   significance     o_^>    significative 

1  Organs,  organize  — ^3    1  organized 

1  Organization    — a-v,    organism 

_'  Glories,  glorious 

I  God,  got    2  good,  get 

I  Guilt-y     2  glad,  gold 

1  Agreed     2  great 

1  Gift,  give  it     2  gave  it 

F 

1   If,  off    2  for     3  few,  half 

1  Follow-ing,  awful     2  full-y     3  flew 

1  Offer,  free     2  from 

1  Often,  fine     2  Phonography 

1  Confession     2  fashion     3  confusion 

2  Philnnthropy-ic-ist 

1   Feature,  if  it     2  after     3  future  fact 


1    Followed     2  float,  flood 

1  From  it     2  afraid     3  fruit 

1  Find,  fond     2  faint     3  found 

1   If  there  or  their     2  for  their,  father 

1   Follow  their 

1  Free  their,  offer  their     2  further,  farther     (  Farther 
is  usually  employed  in  reference  to  distance  in  time 

or    place ;   further    in    reference     to    addition     of 
quantities. 

2  Further   their 


V 


1  Ever     2  have     3  however,  view 

2  Evil,     3  value     <i_    3  valued 

1  Over     2  every,  very     3  who  ever 

1  Even  (^^/  evening,   C     in  pliraseography 

2  Vision 

2  Every  one,  or    ^^    when  more  convenient 

1  Conversion     2  version     3  aversion 

1  Conceive     2  Saviour,  several 

1  Of  it,  void     2  have  had,  have  it,  vote,  3  viewed 

1  Over  it  2  virtue  ^\  virtuouso/'"  virtual c-^~  virtuously 

2  Have  not  V^^  when  more  convenient  [3  avert-ed 
1  Of  their     2  have  there     3  however  there  or  they  are 

3  Value  their     ^1  over  their  3   whoever  their-they  are    [view  their 


54  REPORTING     LOUOURAMS. 


| 
°\ 


TH 

2  Think     3  thank,  thousand-th 

2  Theology,  theological     (   ~~£  Catholic-ism  ) 

1  Author     2  three     3  through  —  £)-  3  through  one 

2  Saith     2  south  -••<§-  south-east  f^  3  south-eastern 

1  Thought     2  think  it  [3  throughout 

1  Authority     (      |      authoritative  )  2    third,    threat-d 

2  Think  their  or  they  are     3  thank  their 

3  Through  their 


c 

c 

(a 

C 

c 
o 

D 


TH 


1  Thee,  thy     2  them,  they     3  thou,  though 

2  They  will 

I   Either     2  their,  there,  they  are     3  other 
1   Within,  thine     2  then     3  than 

1  These,  thyself    2  this     3  thus,  those 

2  Themselves,  this  is 

1  Is  thy,  as  thy  2  ;i?  they  3  a?  though,  ns  thou 
1  That,  they  onght  2  without  3  they  would,  they  had,  though  it 
1  There  ought  2  there  it  3  there  vri\.  there  had 
1  On  either  hand,  there  ought  not  2  on  the  other 

3  There  would  not,  there  had  not  [hand 
1  Thither     2  the  other     3  though  there 


REPOIiTINO     LOGOGRAMS.  55 

s 

1  See,  saw     2  so,  say     3  us,  use  (noun) 
J.  Astonish-ed-ment     2  establish-ed-ment 

2  Cessation     1  secession 
2  First 

I   Eastern     3  astern 

Z 

1  Eyes,  ease,  easy     2  was     3  use,   ( v.)  whose 

]    Is  it     2  as  it,  has  it     3  used 

1   Is,  his     2  as,  has 

1    Is  his,  is  as     2  as  is,  as  his,  as  has 

1  Is  there     2  was  there,  as  or  has  there 

SH 

1  Wish,  she     '2  shall,  shall,  show     3  issue 

1  Wisher  2   sure-ly     3  assure 

1  Shine,  shone     2   shown,   shun 

j  1  Wished,   wish   it,  she  ought     2  shall  it     3  she   wd., 

J>  \  Short     3  assured  [she  had 

1  Wish  their     2   shall   their     3  assure  their 


ZH 


2  Usual-ly 

^_2  2  Pleasure     3  measure    -<^~}..  immeasurable 

3  Measured    v~^    unmeasured  3 
3  Measure   their 


56  REPORTING    LOGOCK.VMS. 


1  Law,  ill     2  will,  3  whole,  allow 

1  Line,  lean     2  alone 

2  Revelation     3  revolution 

1  While,  we  will     2  well     3  wool 
b  1  Seal     2  as  or  is  well,  soul,  sale     3  salvation 

1  Style,  steal     2  still,  stole,  stale     3  stool 
r  1  Laws,  loss     2  less     3  allows,  lose 

r  1   Light     2  let,   late 

1  Will  not  (e     we  will  not)   2  lend-t     3  land 

1  Lead     2  led,  li-old,  held     3  loud,  lad 

1  Wild,  wield     2  will  it 

1  Loiter,   lighter     2  letter     3   latter 

_£\  (downward) 

i  1  Her,  here     2  are,  air     3  our,  hour 

v>  1  Herein     2  earn     3  our  own 

2  Oration 

1  Herself,    arise     2  heirs,    airs      3  h-ours,    ourself,  a- 

2  Concern- ing  [rouse 
2  Art,  heart 

2  Are  not.  earned     3  around 

2  Concerned 

1   Lord,  read     2  word,  heard     3   hard 

1  Order  2  are  there 


EXPORTING    LOUOCHAMS. 


XX  (  upward  ) 

1  We  are     2  where,  v  ear,  wore  3  aware 
1   We  are  in     2         wherein,  worn         3  with  our  own 

1  We  are  of,  we  are  to  have     2  whereof    3  aware  of 

2  Are  not,  rent,  rend     3  round 

1  Ward     2  world,  were  it,  where  it 

1  We  are  not     2  were  not, 

2  Surround 


I  Me,  ray     2  him,  may,  am     3  whom,  home 

1  Men,  mine,  mean     2  man     3  human 

1  Mission     2  motion 

1  With  me,  with  my     2  we  may,  with   him 

1  Women,  we  mean-to     2  woman 

1  Myself    2  himself,  amaze     3  homes,  amuse 

1  Seem,  similar-ity     2  same,  some     3  consume 

2  Some  one 

1  Might,  meet-ing     2  met 

1  Mind     2  may    not,  am    not,  amount     3  movement, 

1  We  might,  we  meet     2  we  met  [mount 

1  We  meant-to     2  we  may  not 

1  Somewhat,  is  met     2  as  might,  has  met 

1  Immediate-ly     2  made     3  mad,  mood 

1  Seemed,  is  made     2  as  or  has  made     3  consumed 


58  REPORTING    LOGOC.KAJ1S. 


1  Important-ce     2  improve-ed-ment 

1  Impossible-ity     2    improves 

(  J/6 )  may  be  (  wset/  principally  in  Phraseography) 

(  W-mb  )  we  may  be   (used  only  in  Pkraseography) 

1  Remark-able-bly,  Mr.,  mere     2  more,  mercy  3  humor 

3  Humored 

1  Metre,  mitre     2  matter,  mother,  may  their 

2  Some  other  , smother     3  smoother 
2  Some  other  one 

2  Murder-ed  • 

1  Simple-y-fy-fied     2  as  may  be 


N 


1  In,  any     2  no,  know     3  own 

1  Near,  nor,  honor     2  manner     3  owner,  in  our 

1  Opinion     2  none,  known     3  union 

1  Information     2  nation,  notion 

1  When,  win,  wine     2  one 

1  Influence,    in    his     2  knows,    know    his,    commence 

1  United  States  2  commences,  knows  his  [3  news,  owns 

1  Influenced     2  next,    commenced  [own 

1  Seen,  sin,  sign,  is  in     2  is  no.  h-as  no    3  soon,  his 

2  Only 

1  Is  known     2  has  known,  has  none     3  soon  one 

2  Stenography 

|    1  Xot,  night,  in  it     2  note,  nature  -->*-    natural-ly 


BEPOKTING     LOIiUGKAHS. 


59 


1  Went,  when  it     2  wont      3  wound 

2  On  (  the  )  one  hand 

1  Is  not     2  as  not,  has  not,  sent 

1  Need     2  under,  end     3  hand,  owned,    hand  in  hand 

1  Signed,  sinned     2  send     3  sound  "^3 

1  Honored     2  mannered 

1  Entire,  neither,  in  their     2  another,  enter    3  no  other 

1  In  their  own     2  another  one     3  no  other  one 

1   Winter,     2   wonder-ful 

1  Is  in  their     2  center     8  soon  their 

1  Northern 

NG 

1  Thing,  England,  English     2  language     3   young 
1   Single,   singular-ly-ity,   sing,   song     2  sang 

1  Anchor     2  hunger,  hungry     3  anger,  angry,  younger 

W 

2  Why,   way,   weigh     3  away 

1  Wither,  whither,  2  weather,  whether 

2  Whether  there 


r 

r 


2  Your     £~    yours,  yourself    5"     yourselves 
1   Yield-cd 


60 


H 


</  2  He     3  holy  --X— -  holier    --£-   holiest 

1  Hiss     6    he  is  ?he  has     3  house 
1  Is  he     2  as  he    has  he 

VOWELS. 

1  The     2  a     3  ah! 

2  An,  and 

1  All     2  too.  two 

1  Already     2  before     3  oh,  owe 

1  Ought     2  who 

1  Of    2  to 

1  Or     2  but 

1  On,  2  should 

1  I,  eye,  high 

1  Aye 

2  How 
1  We 

1  With,   2  were 

1  Water 

1   What     2    would 

1  Ye.  year,  years,  yearly 

2  Yet 

1  Beyond 

2  You 


^  I 


61 


When  a  portion  of  a  word  is  represented  by  a  dotted 
line,  it  may  be  omitted  without  danger  of  illegibility. 


•}/    OCABULAEY 

-'  fe£=^^ifr5.truA^'i  o 


The  hypnen  indicates  that  any  of  the  derivatives  form- 
ed by  the  added  syllable  or  syllables,  may  be  represent- 
ed by  the  sign  provided  for  the  first,  or  radical  word. 


VOCABULARY. 


AGO 


ACT 


AFF 


A.,  <*,  an,  01  and,  initial 

Accidental 

Actuated 

or  final,  is  expressed  bv 

Accommodate-d 

Acute,  quiet  1 

a  joined  vertical  or  hor- 

Accompany, company 

Adamant,  demand  2 

izontal  tick. 

Abandoned 

Accomplish 

Add,  advertise-d-meiit 

Abase,  abuse  3 

Accordance 

Added,  had  it.  had  hail 

Able,  belong-ed  1 

Accord-ing-to,  creature 

Addition,  condition  1 

Able  to,  bold,  blood 

Account,  cannot  1 

Additional,  conditional  1 

Able  to  have 

Accredit,  credit  1 

Adequate,  educate  2 

Abode,  body  I 

Accrue,  cure 

Administer 

About,  bad 

Accrued,  cured 

Adm'mistered-rate-ed 

Above 

Accuracy 

Administrator 

Above  it 

Accurate,  court  2 

Admiralty 

Abroad,  broad,  brought 

Accusation,  accession2 

Admit-ted-tance 

Abrupt-ness 

Accuse 

Admonish,  diminish  2 

Absence,  business  1 

Accused,  cast  2,  cost  1 

Admonition,  diminution  2 

Absolute,  obsolete  1 

Acknowledge 

Adulation,  delusion  3 

Abstract-ed 

Acknowledged 

Adulatory 

Abstraction 

Acquaint-ed-ance 

Adulterous 

Absurd 

Acquiesce,  chaos  2 

Adultery 

Absurdity 

Acquired,  awkward 

Advance-d 

Abundance 

Acquisition,  accession2 

Advancement 

Abundant-ly 

Acquit,  quiet  1.  acute  3 

Advantage,  age 

Alnise.  abase  2 

Act 

Advantageous-!]7 

Ai-i-t-leriite 

Act  of  Congress 

Advert,   divert  1 

Accept-able-ness 
Access,  excess  2 

Acts  of  Congress 
Acted,  connected  1 

Advertise-d-ment 
Advised,  devised  1 

Accessible 

Action,  caution 

Advocate,  defect  2 

Accession,  acquisitionl 

Active-ity 

AfiVct.   fact,  effect  2 

Accessory 

Actnal-ly 

Affection,  fiction  1 

Accident 

Actuate 

Affectionate 

62 

63 


VOCABULARY. 


AOC 


•V- 


ACT 


AFF 


)- 


"  -IT 

x  < 


t 


64 


ALO 


APP 


Affliction 

Along,  long  2 

Annual-ly 

Affluence    fullness  2 

Alphabet 

Anonymous,  unanimous  1 

Affluent,  fluent  2 

Alphabetical 

Another,  enter 

Afford-ed,  fort 

Already 

Another  one 

Afraid,  offered   I 

Also 

Answered 

After,  fate,  future  3 

Alteration 

Antagonism 

Afterwards 

Altered,  loitered  1 

Antagonist-ic 

Again,  begin  1 

Although 

Anterior,  interior  2 

Against,  organized  1 

Altitude 

Antichrist 

Age,  advantage,  joy  1 

Always 

Anticipate-d 

Agency 

Am,  him  ;  me,  my  1 

Anticipation 

Agent,  giant  1 

Am  not 

Antidote 

Aggrandize 

Amazement,  amusement  3 

Antiquarian 

Aggrandizement 

Ambiguity 

Antiquity 

Aggregate-d 

Ambiguous 

Anxiety 

Aggregation,  congregation  1 

Ambition 

Anxious 

Ago,  together  '2 

Ambitious-ly 

Any 

Agree,  degree 

Amelioration,  melioration  2 

Anybody,  nobody  3 

Agreed,  great  '2 

Am»rica-n 

Anything,  knowing  2 

Agriculturalist 

Amiable,  humble  3 

Anywhere,  nowhere  2 

Agriculture-al 

Amidst,  midst  1 

Apartment 

Ah! 

Ammunition,  munition  1 

Apostle,  epistle  1 

Ahead,  head  2 

Among 

Apparently 

Ailment,  aliment  3 

Amongst 

Appear,  principle-ally  2 

Alabama 

Amount,  mount  3 

Appearance 

Alarmed 

Ample-y 

Appeared 

Alcohol 

Amuse,  amaze  2 

Appertain 

Alike,  alack  3 

Amused,  must  2 

Appliance,  plans 

Aliment,  element  2 

Amuieuiont,    amaze'nt  2 

Applicable-ility 

Alkali 

Analysis 

Applied 

All 

Analyze 

Apply,  comply  1 

Allegory-ical 

Anchor-ed 

Appoint, 

Alleviate,  elevate  2 

Angel 

Appointed 

Alleviation,  elevation  2 

Angelic 

Appointment 

Alliance,  allowance  3 

Anger,  angry 

Apportion,  portion  3 

Alliteration,  alterat'n  2 

Anglo-Saxon 

Appreciate 

Allow,    whole 

Animal 

Appreciated 

Alluile-ing,  allowed 

Animal  kingdom 

A  ppreciation 

Allusion,  illusion  1 

Anniversary 

Apprehend,  oomprehen  12 

Almighty 

Announce,  annoyance  l 

Apprehensible-ility 

Almost,  most  2 

Announced 

Apprehension 

Alone,  loan,  lint  1 

Annoyance 

Approach-able,  preach  1 

ALO 


APP         (55 


66          ASH                            ASS                           ATT 

Approbation,  probation  2 

As  he,  as  the,  has  he 

Assignment 

Appropriate 

As  his,  has  his 

Assist,  ceased 

Appropriaied 

As  if,  as  for  2 

Assistance 

Appropriation,  preparation  2 

As  if  it 

Assisted 

Approve 

As  it,  has  it 

.*ssociate-d 

Approved 

As  it  had 

Association 

Approximate-d-tion 

As  it  had  not 

Assort,  assert  2 

Aptitude 

As  it  were 

Assurance 

Aqueous,  acquiesce  3 

As  it  will 

Assure,  sure  2 

Arbitrary 

As  it  will  not 

Assured-ly 

Archangel 

As  it  would 

Astern 

Archbishop 

As  it  would  have 

Astonish-ed-ment 

Architect-ure-ural 

As  it  would  have  had 

Astronomy-ical 

Ardent,  radiant  2 

As  it  would  not 

At,  out,  it.  'i 

Are 

As  made,  has  made 

At  all,   until 

Are  not 

As  may  be 

At  all   his 

Are  there,  ordev-ed  1 

As  may  not 

At  all   its 

Argue,  irregular  2 

As  might,  smite 

At  first 

Argued 

As  much,  as  each  1 

At  his,   Lself 

Arise,  hers,  horse 

As  not.  has  not 

At  it,  it  would 

Aristocracy-tic 

As  they 

At.  its 

Arithmetic-al-ian 

As  though 

At  length 

Arkansas 

As  thy.  is  thy 

At  once 

.  Arose,  arise  1 

As  well,  as  will 

At   one 

Around,  earned  2 

Ascend-ed-ancy 

Atheism 

Arouse,  ours 

Ascendant 

Atheist-ical 

Aroused 

Ascent,  assent 

Atlantic 

Arrange-ment 

Ascertain 

Atlantic  ocean 

Arranged 

Ascertained 

Atmosphi're-ic-al 

Arrest 

Ascribe-d 

Atone,  attune 

Arrival 

Aside 

Atoned,  attained  2 

Arrive 

Aspersion 

Atonement,  attainni't  9 

Art 

Aspiration 

Atrocious 

Article 

Assemble-y-ed 

Attached,  touched  2 

Articulate,  articled 

Assent,  assigned  1 

Attain,  atone  3 

Articulated 

Assert,  assort  1 

Attainable 

Articulation 

Assertion 

Attainment,  atonem't  .- 

Artih'eial-ity 

Assess 

Attend,  attained 

A.s,  has 

Assessed,  assist  1 

Attendance 

As  each,  as  much  3 

Assiduity 

Attendant 

As  tor,  as  if  1 

Assign 

Attraot-ed,   contrnct-ecl  3 

As  has,  as  is 

Assigned 

Attraction,  contract'  n  ?. 

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Attraction  of  gravitation 
Attractive-ness 
Auction,  caution 

Baptism-t-ed 
Barbarian 
Barbarism 

Bid  ;  bad,  bade  3 
Bigot-ed-ry 
Bend,  combined  1 

Audacious 

Auditor,   editor  2 
Auditory 

Barbarity 
Barbara  us-ly 
Baseness,  business  1 

Biography-ic-al 
Birth 
Birthright 

Augment-ed-ation 
August 
Auspicious-ly-ness 

Batter-y,  better  2 
Be,  by  1,  to  be  3 
Be  not,  bend  2,  bound  3 

Bishop 
Blind,  blend  2,  bland  3 
Board  of  trade 

Authentic 
Authenticity 
Author 

Beatify 
Baauties-eous 
Beautiful-ly 

Body,  abide,  abode  2 
Bold,  able    to,  blight  1 
Boldness 

Authoritative 
Authority 
Auxiliary 

Beautify 
Because,  cause 
Become 

Bound,  band 
Bonn  ty-  full-ness 
Boy,  by,  object  2 

Available 
Avaricious 
Average 

Been,  combine  1,  boonS 
Before;  oh.  owe  3 
Beforehand 

Bread,  remembered 
Breadth 
Breath 

Averse,  verse  2 
Aversion,  version  2 
Avert-ed 

Begin-ning,  began  3 
Beginner 
Begun,   began  3 

Brethren,  brain  2 
Brief,  brave  2 
Briefer,  braver-y  2 

Avocation,  vocation  2 
Avoid,  evade  2 
Avoidance 

Behave 
Behavior 
Behind,  combined 

Briefly 
Britanic  Majesty 
British 

A\vait-ed 
Awake,  weak  1 
Awaked 

Behold,  beheld 
Being 
Belief,  believe 

British   America 
British  Majesty 
Broad,  brought,  bright 

Awaken,  weaken  1 
Aware,  we  are  1 
Away,  way  2 

Believed 
Believer 
Belong-ed 

Broken-hearted 
Brother 
Brotherhood 

Awful-ness 
Awkward,  acquired 
Aye 

Benefactor 
Beneficent-ce-ly 
Beneficial-ly 

Brotherly 
Brutality 
Build-ed-ing,  built 

B 

Benefit-ed 
Benevolect-ce-ly 
Benignity-ant 

Builder 
Burdensome 
Burial 

Bad,  hade,  about 
Balance 
Balanced 

Bespeak 
Betray 
Better,  biUer  1 

Burnt,  burned 
Burst 
Business,  absence  3 

Bankable 
Bank-rupt-cy 
Banter-ing 

Between 
Beware,  be  aware  3 
Beyond 

Busy  body 
But,  or  1 
By,  buy  ;  be,  object  2 

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Chamber 

Collect-ed 

c 

Chamber  of  Commerce 

Collection 

^^ 

Change-d 

Collective 

Cabinet 

Change-able-y 

Collision,  conclusion  3 

Calculable 

Chairman 

Colonist 

Calculate-d 

Chapter 

Colouizatiun 

Calculation 

Character,  correct  1 

Colony 

California 

Characteristic 

Color-ed 

Call,  equal 

Characterized 

Combine 

Called,  equalled 

Characterizes 

Com,  con,  or  COR  imy  he  ex 

Call  forth 

Characters-  use 

pressed,  when   nenessir.,  liy 
wri'ing  thf  %vorJ  m    .vin  •!>    il 

Can  ;  coin,  keen  1 

Charge-d 

oci-urs  close  to  tliH    preoejjnj 

0 

one 

Candidate 

Chargeable 

Combined,  bind 

Cannot,  account  2 

Charitable-y 

Come,  country 

Capability 

Charity 

Comfort-ed 

Capable 

Cheered 

Comfortable-y 

Care,  occur  ;  cure  3 

Cheert'iil-lv-ness 

Commandment 

Cared,  occurred  2 

Chemical-ly  -i^try 

Cominetice 

Careful-ly 

Child 

Commenced 

Carpenter 

Childhood 

Commencement 

Catalogue 

Children 

Commences 

Category-ical 

Children  of  God 

Commercial 

Catholic-ism 

Christ 

Commission 

Catholi  •  Bishop 

Christian-ity 

Common,  country  2 

Caught,  quite 

Christian  religion 

Commonest 

Cause,  because 

Christians-ize 

Commonly 

Caused,  accuseds 

Church  of  Christ 

Communicate-d 

Caution-ed,  auction 

Church  of  England 

Communication 

Cautiously 

Church  of  God 

Community,  unity  3 

Ceased,  assist 

Church  of  Rome 

Company,  accompany 

Celebrate 

Circular 

Comparatively 

Celebrity,  salubrity  3 

Circnlate-d 

Compelled 

Celestial 

Circulation 

Complain 

Cemetery,  symmetry 

Circumstance 

Complaint,  complained 

Central 

Circumstances 

Complement,  compliment 

Centre-d 

Circumstantial 

Complete,  complied 

Century 

City,  voc.  seat,  site 

Completely 

Certain-ly 

Cloud,  conclude 

Completion 

Certificate 

Coalition,  collusion  3 

Compliance 

Cessation,  secession  1 

Cold,  called  1 

Comply 

Challenge-d 

Collateral 

Comprehend,  apprehend3 

Challenger 

Collation,  coalition  1 

Comprehensible-ility 

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Comprehension 
Conceal,  seal,  soil 
Concealed,  sold  2 

Consisted 
Consistence 
Consistency 

Co-operation 
Copy,  keep  1 
Cordiality 

Conceive 
Conceived,  saved  2 
Concentrate 

Consistent-ly 
Consolation,  solution  3 
Consonant 

Corn 
Corporeal 
Correct-ed-ness 

Concern 
Concerned 
Concert-ed,  sort  1 

Conspicuous-ly-ness 
Coustant-ly 
Constituent 

Correct  manner 
Correction 
Correctly 

Concession,  session  2 
Conciliate 
Concilia:  on,  consolation  2 

Constitute-d 
Constitution 
Constitution  of  the  D.  S. 

Correspond-ent 
Correspondence 
(Corresponding  Sec'y 

Concliule-d,  cloud 
Conclu-ion,  collision  1 
Conclusive-ly 

Constitutional-ly 
Constitutionality 
Construction 

Corresponding  Societj 
Con  Id,  act  3 
Count,  account  2 

Condemnation,  damnation  3 
Condensation 

Consume,  psalm 
Consumed,  seemed  1 

Countenance 
Counteract 

Condition,  edition  1 

Consumption 

Counterbalance 

Conditional-ly 
Conduct,  educate  2 

Contained,  contend 
Contains 

Counterbalanced 
Counterfeit 

Conformable-y 

Con  tarn  inate-d 

Countermand 

Congenial,  geuial  2 
Congeniality 
Congratulate 

Contamination 
Contemplate-d-ion 
Contended 

Countersign 
Country,  common  I 
Countryman 

Congratulation 
Conjecture-d-al 
Conjunction 

Contingent-cy 
Continue 
Continues 

Countrymen 
Coarse,  cares 
Court,  accurate  3 

Connecticut 

Contract-ed,  attract-ed3 

Cover 

Conscience 
Conscientious-ly-ness 

Con  trad  ict-ory 
Contradiction 

Covered 
Creation 

Conscious 
Consciously 
Consciousness 

Contradistinction 
Contradistinguish-ed 
Contrivance 

Creature,  according 
Credence 
Credit-able,  accredit  2 

Consequence 
Conseqnent-ly,  second2 
Consequential 

Contrived 
Convenience 
Convenient-ly 

Credulity 
Criminal-ity-ate-d 
Critical 

Conservative 

Conversant 

Cross  examination 

Conservative  members 

Conversation 

Cross  examine 

Consi'ler-able-y 

Conversational 

Cross  examined 

Consideration 
Considered 
Consist 

Con  vert-ed 
Conviction,  avocation  3 
Co-operate 

Culpable-i'itjr 
Cultivate-d 
Cblti  ration 

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Cupidity 
Cure,  accrue 
Cured,  accurate 

)eliver-ed-y 
deliverance 
Delusion,  adulation  2 

Despot-ic,  dispute  3 
Despotism 

Destruction 

Curiosity 
Curious,  cures 
Cursory 

Demand-ed,  diamond  1 
Democracy-tic 
Demonstrate-d 

Destructive 

Determination 
Determine-able 

D 

Demonstration 
Demoralization 
Denotninate-d-ion 

Determined-ly 
Detestable 

Det'-station 

Damnation,  condemnation  2 

Denominations 

Detriment-al 

Danger,  larger  3 
Dangerous 

Denunciiite-d 
Denunciation 

Develop-ed-ment 
Devised,  advised  3 

Dark 
Darken-ed 
D.irkuess 

Depart-ed-iug 
Department 
Depend-ant-ent-ce 

Devolve-d 
Dexterity 
Diameter-rical-ly 

Daughter,  debtor  2 
Debilitate-d 
Debility 

Depended 
Dependency 
Deprave-ity,  deprive   1 

Diction,  education  2 
Did  ;  had  had,  had  it  3 
Did  not,  do  not  2 

Debt,  deity  1,  duty  3 
Decapitate-d-ion 
Deceased 

Depraved,  deprived  1 
Deprecate-d-ion 
Depreciate-d-ion 

Diet,  deity,  duty  3 
Differ-ed-ent-ence 
Difficult-y,  call  1 

December 
Decent,  descent  2 
Declaim-atory-ion 

Derange-ment 
Deride-d,  dread-ed  2 
Derision,  duration  3 

Dignity,  dignify-ied 
Delinquency 
Delinquent 

Declare-d 
Dedicate-d,  deduct-ed  1 
Defend 

Derivation 
Derivative 
Derive 

Dilapidate-d-ion 
Dilution,  delusion  3 
Diminish-ed,  admonished  3 

Defendant  (in  law) 
Defense 
Deficient-cy 

Derived 
Derogation 
Derogate-ory 

Diminution,  admonition  3 

Diplomacy 
Diplomat-ic 

Deform-ed-ity 
Degenerate 
Degeneration 

Describe-d 
Description 
Descriptive-ness 

Direct-ed 
Director 
Directory 

Degrade-ation 
Degree,  agree 
Deity,  debt  2,  duty  3 

Deserve-d 
Desideratum 
Designation 

Disadvantage 
Disadvantages-OQl 

Disappoint-ed-ment 

Deject-ed-ion 
Delaware 
Delicacy 

Desire-able 
Desolate 
Desolation 

Disbeliet-ve 
Disbelieved 
Discharge 

Delicate-ness 
Pclight-ed 

Oeligh*fai 

Desperate 
Desperation 
Despicable-ness 

Discontinue 
Discontii-ued 
Discountenance-d 

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Discordant 
Discover-ed-y 
Discreet,  discord  2 

Dollar,  advertisement  3 
Domestic 
Domination,  condemnations 

Effort,  afraid 
Kb  ? 
Either,  other  3 

Discrepancy 
Diserirrinate-d-ion 

Doubt-ed,  had  had 
Doubter,  editor  2 

Elaborate 
Elect 

Diseased,  disused  3 

Doubtless 

Electric-ity 

Dishonor-able 
Disinterested-ly-ness 
Dislike-d 

Down,  providential 
Downcast 
Downfall 

Electrical 
Elder,   leader  1 
Elegy,  eulogy  3 

Disorganization 

Di-pa  rage-merit 
Dispelled,  despoiled  1 

Downhearted 
Downright 

Downtrod-den 

Element,  aliment  3 
Elevate  alleviate  1 
Elevation,  alleviation  1 

Dispensation 
Dispersion,  desperat'n  2 
Displayed 

Downward 

Dullness 
Duration 

Emigrate,   migrate  1 
Emigration,  migration! 
Emminent,  imminent  1 

Displeasure 
Dispute-d,  despot  2 
Disqualify-ed-cation 

During 
Dutiful 
Duty 

Emperor 
Empire  City 
Empire  State 

Dissatisfaction 
Dissatisfy-ied 
Dissent,  decent 

Dwelling  house 
Dwelling  place 
Dyspepsia-tic 

Emphatic-al 
Emptiness 
Enable,  unable  3 

Dissimilar 
Dissimilarity 
Dissolute 

E 

End,  under;  hand  3 
Endanger 

Endeavor 

Dissolution 

Each,  watch  ;  much  3 

Endeavored 

Distinct 

Each  will,  which  will  '2 

Endless,  needless  1 

Distinction 

Ear,  hear,  her 

Enemy,   name  2 

Distinctive 
Distinguish-ed 
Distinguishable 

Earned,  are  not 
Earnestly 
Ease,  easy  ;  use  3 

England,   English 
Enjoy,   knowledge  2 
Enlarge-ment 

Distribute-d 
Distribution 
Distri-t  of  Columbia 

E.i  st.  astonish-ed 
Eastern 
East  Indies 

Enlarged 
Enormity 
Enormous 

Diversity,  adversity  3 
Divert-ed,  advert-ed  3 

Eccentric-ity 
Ecclesiastical 

Enquire 
Enroll 

Divest,  advised  3 

Economy-ical 

Enrolled 

Divine-ity,  differ-ed-ent 

Edition,  addition  3 

Entangle-d-ment 

Divine  Being 
Divulge-d 

Editor,  auditor  1 
Education,  diction  1 

Entertain 
Entertained 

Do  not,  had  not  3 
DocTor,  dear  2 
Doctrine-al 

Effect  ;  fact,  affect  3 
Efficaciously 
Efficient-ly-cy 

Entertainment 
Enthusiasm 
Enthusiast-ic-al 

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Entire,  enter  2 
Entirely 
Enveloped 

Evil,    value  3 
Evolution,  violation  1 
Exaggerate-d 

F 

Envoy,  never  2 
EpisL-opal-ian-cy 
Episcopal  church 

Exaggeration 
Example,  t-xemplify-ied 
Excellency 

Faceticus-ly-ness 
Fact,  el 
Factious-ly,  cfticatious-lf  3 

Epistle,  apostle  3 
Equal,  call 
Equalization 

Excellent 
Exception 
Exceptionable 

Factitious-lv-ness 
Fail,   fall  1  fool  3 
Failure 

Equalled,  called 
Error 
Erroneous 

Excess,  access  3 
Exchequer 
Exclaim-ed-mation 

Faintest 
Faint  hearted-ness 
Fair,  fear  1,  far  3 

Escape-d 
Especial-ly 
Essence,  science  1 

Exclude-d 

Exclusion 
Executor 

Faithful-ly-ness 
Fallen 
False,  fools  3 

Essential-ly 
Establish-ed-ment 
Estate 

Executrix 
Exemplification 
Exhibit-ed 

Falsehood 
Falsitication 
Falsifier,  philosopher  2 

Esteem 
Esteemed 
Estimate 

Exhibition 
Exist 
Existed 

Falsity 
Familiar-itj 
Famish 

Et  cetera 
.hiernal,   eternity 
Eternal  life 

Existence 

Expect-ed-ation 
Expend-itnre,  expand-ed  2 

Family 
Fanciful 

Fantastif-al-ly 

Eulogy.  elegy  2 
Evade,  avoid  1 
Evangelic-al 

Expensive 
Experience 
Experienced 

Farm,  form  2 
Farther,  further 
Fashion,   confusion  3 

Evangelization 
Evangelize 
Evangelized 

Explain-nation-natory 
Explained 
Extemporaneous 

Fashionable 
Fastidiousness 
Fatality 

Evasion,  vision  1 
Even,  evening 
Event,  have  not  2 

Extempore 

Extend-ed 
Extenninate-ed-ion 

Father,  for  their 
Favor-able 
Favored 

Eveiitual-ly 
Ever,  however  3 
Everlasting 

External-ity,  strength  1 
Extinction 
Extingnish-ed 

Favorite 
Fault-y,   felt  2 
Feature,  future  3 

Evermore 
Evi-ry.    very 
Every  one 

Extract-ed.  extricate-d2 
Extraordinary-!!}' 
Extrav;igant-ce 

February 
Female 
Fertile 

Everywhere 
Eridence 
Evident 

Extreme-ity 
Eye,   high 
Eyes 

Few.  half:   for  2 
Fiction,  affection  2 
Fidelity 

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Filled,  failed  2 

Freedom 

Give-n,  Together  2 

Finance 

Fr-quent-lv 

Give  his.   gives 

Financial  reform 

Frequence-y 

Give  it,  gift;  gave  it  2 

Fine,  often 

From  ;  free,  offer  1 

Gives  his 

Finish 

From  it,  afraid  2 

Glad,  gold,  guilt-y  1 

Firm,  frame 

Froward 

Glories,  glorious 

Fis  -al 

Frugality 

Glorification 

Flat,  flight  1 

Fruit,  effort  2 

Glory,  glorify-ied 

Flew,  full-y  2 

Fruition 

Go,  together  ;  ago  3 

F!exil>le-ility 

Fully,  follow-ing  1 

God  ;  good,  get  2 

Florida 

Fundamental-ly 

Goes,  gaze  ;  give  his  ] 

Fluent,  affluent  3 

Furies,  furious 

Gone,   begin-ning  1 

Follow-ing,  full-y  2 

Furiously 

Govern-ed-ment 

Foolish 

Furnish 

Governmental 

Foot,  future 

Furniture 

Governor 

Footstep 

Further,  from  their 

Gradual-ly 

For,  if    few  3 

Further  their 

Grandchild 

For  his,  for  as 

Furtherance 

Grand  daughter 

Foretell 

Furthermore 

Grandeur 

Foretold 

Future,  after  2 

Grand  jury 

Forgave 

Futurity 

Grandson 

Forge  (in  law) 

Gratitude 

Forged 

Great,  agreed  1 

Forgery 

Great  Britain 

Forget,  forgot  1 

Gallery 

Gr.  Britain  and  Ireland 

Forgive-n 

Gave,  irovern-ed-ment 

Greater 

Forgot-ten 

Gave  his 

Greatest 

Form,  farm  3 

Gave  it,  give  it  1 

Grow,  degree  1  grew  3 

Formal  i.on 

General-ly,  religion  1 

Guide 

Formality 

Generality 

Guided 

Former-Iy 

Generalization 

Forthwith 

Generals-ize 

H 

Fortnne-ate-ly 

Generalized 

JL_1_ 

For\vard-ed 

Generation 

Hahit-ed 

Fon  nd  -ed,   find  1 

Genteel 

Had,  add,  due 

Foundation 

Gentility 

Had  had,  had  it 

Fountain 

Gentleman,  gentlemen  1 

Had  not,  had  it  not 

Fragment-ary 

Gentle-ness,   gentile  1 

Half,  few  ;   if  1 

Frank 

Geography-ical 

Halved,  have  had  2 

Frankly 

Georgia 

Hand,  owned  ;  under  2 

Frantic-ally 

Get.  good  ;  God  1 

Happen,  pnnish-ed-ment 

Free,  offer    from  2 

Gist,  just  2  largest  3 

Happened,  pound 

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Happiest,  passed 
Happiness,  companies  2 
Happy,  hope ;  up  2 

Hard,  Lord  1,  heard  2, 

Harmonies-ous-ze 

Harmony 

Has,  is  1 
Has  been 
Has  had,  sad,  side  1 

Has  had  it 
Has  he,  has  the 
Has  his,  as  is,  as  his 

Has  it,  as  it ;  is  it  1 
Has  known,  has  none 
Has  made,  is  made  1 

Has  not,  is  not 
Has  there,  is  there  1 
Has  to  be 

Hate;  heat,  hot  1 
Hated,  heated  1 
Hath ,  thank,  youth 
Have,  ever  1,  view  3 
Have  had,  have  it 
Have  not,  event  1 
Have  their  or  there 
Hazard-ed-ous 
He,  holy  3 

He,  initial,  is  expressed 
by  a  joined  tick  slanting 
down  to  the  left ;  he,  fi- 
nal, by  a  slanting  tick 
upwards  or  downwards. 

He  has,  he  is  1 

Hear,   her,   ear 

Heard,   word  ;  hard  3 

i  I  cart,  art 

Heathen,   within,   thine 

Heaven,    vain  ;  even  1 

Height 

Held,    hold,  old 

Henceforth 

Her,  here;  our  3 
Her  own,  our  own  3 
Hereafter 


HOX 

Hereditament 

Hereditary 

Herein,  iron,  her  own 

Heretofore 

Herewith 

Hero 

Heroine 
Herself,  arise 
Hesitate-ed 

Hesitation 
Hieroglyph-ic-al 
High,  eye 

Higher 
Highest 
Highlander 

Highlands 
Highly,   I  will 
Him,  may ;  me  1 

Himself,  myself  1 
His,  is ;  has,  as  2 
His  is,  is  his 

His  own,  soon 
His  wish,  selfish  2 
Historical 

History 
Hitherto 

Hold-ing,  lead-ing  1 

Holier 

Hol.est 

Holiness 

Holy,  he  2 

Holy  Ghost 
Holy  Scriptures 

Holy  Spirit 

Home,  whom  ;  am  2 

Homely 

Honestly 
Honor,  near,  nor 
Honorable 

Hon.  gentleman 
Hon.  Member 
Hon.  Senator 


HYS 

Honored 

llu|.e,    iiappy  ;  up  2 

Hope  to  hare 

Horizon  tal-ly 
Horse,   hers,  arise 
Horticiiltnre-al 

Hospitable 
Hospitality 
Hostility 

Hours,  ours,  ourself 
House,  hiss  1 
House  of  Commons 

House  of  God 
House  of  Lords 
House  of  Parliament 

House  of  prayer 
House  of  Rep. 
Housed,  holiest 

Houses  of  Parliament 
However,  have  2,  everl 
Howsoever 

Huge,  hedge  2 
Human 
Human  life 

Human   nature 
Humanity 
Humble,  amiable  2 

Humbug,  ambiguous  3 

Humming 

Humor;  more,  mercy  2 

Hundred-tli 
Hunger,   hungry 
Husband-ed 

Hypocrisv 

Hypocrite-ieal 

Hysteric-al 


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(dea 

Impassioned 

Indefatigable 

Ideal 

Impatient 

Indt-'finite-ly 

Identical-ly 

Imperceptible 

Indemnification 

Identification 

Imperfection 

Indemnify-ty 

Identified 

Impetus 

Indenture 

Idle,  deliver-y  2 

Impious-ly 

Independent-OS 

Idleness 

Implacable-ility 

Indescribable-y 

Idolater-y 

Impolicy 

Indian  territory 

If,  for  2,  half,  few  3 

Impolitic 

Indiana 

If  his,  for  his  2 

Important-ce 

Indicate,  induct  2 

If  it,  feature,  future  3 

Importunate-ly 

Indication,  induction  2 

It'  it  is,  features 

Imposed,  impost  1 

Indicted,  indebted  2 

Ignominious 

Impossible-ility 

Indifferent-ce 

Ignominy  • 

Impoverish-ed 

Indignity-ant-ly-ion 

Ignorance 

Impracticable-ility 

Indiscriminate 

Ignorant-ly 

Impractical 

Indispensible-y 

Illegal-ity 

Impregnable-te 

Indisposition 

Illegible 

Improbable 

Individual-ly 

Illegitimate-cy 

Improper-ly-riety 

Individuality 

Illiberal-ity 

Improve-d-ment 

Indivisible-ility 

Illinois 

In,  any;  no  2,  own  3 

Indoctrinate-d 

Illiterate 

In  his,  know  his  2 

Indulge 

Illogical 

In  order,  in  order  to 

Inertia,   nourish 

Illusion,  allusion  3 

In  (the)  consideration 

Inevitable  -y,  nnavoidable.y  1 

Illustrate-d 

Inaccuracy 

Inexperience 

Illustration 

Inaccurate 

Inexperienced 

Imaginable 

Inauspicious-ly 

Infection 

Imagine-ary-ation 

Incessant 

Inference 

Imagined 

Incessantly 

Inferential 

Immaterial,  material  2 

Incite,  in  (the)  sight 

Inferior-ity 

Immature,  mature  3 

Incivility 

Inferred 

Immeasurable 

Incline-ation 

Infidel 

Immediate-ly 

Inclined 

Infidelity 

Immigrate-d 

Incombustible-ility 

Infinite-y 

Immigration 

Inconsiderable 

Infinitesinial-ly 

Imminent,  eminent  2 

Inconsiderate 

Infinitude 

Immoderate,  moderate2 

Inconsistent-ly 

Infirm-ity 

Immorality,  morality  2 

Inconstant 

Influence 

Immortality,  mortality2 

Incredible-ility 

Influenced,    next  2 

Immortalize,  mortalize'2 

Incredulity 

Influential,   initial 

Immutable,  mutable  3 

Indebted,  undoubted 

Inform-ed-ant,  uniform-ity  3 

Impassionate 

Indeed,  no  doubt  2 

Informality 

IMP 


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Information,  nation  2 
[ufringe-d-ment 
Ingenious 

Insulation 
Insult-ed 
Insulting 

Invert-ed 
Investigate 

Investigation 

Ingenuous 
Inhalrit-ed 
Inheritance 

Insuperable  inseparable  2 
Insupportable-y 
Integrity 

Invisible-ilitj 
Invite-ed-ation 
Involve-d,  never  2 

Injured 
I  n  j  ury 
Innocence,  nuisance  2 

Intellectual-ly 
Intelligence 
Intelligent 

Inward 
Iowa 
Iron,  her  own 

Innocent 
Innovation  (see  invasion) 
Inquire-y,  enquire-y 

Intelligible-ility 
Intemperance-ate 
Intend-ed 

Irrational-ly,  rational  ly  2 

Irrecoverable-y 

Irregular,  argue  3 

Inquired,  enquired 
Inquisition 
Inquisitor 

Intention 
Intercession 
Interchange-d 

Irreligion 
Irreligious 
Irresistable-y 

Inscribe-d,  insecure  3 
Inscription 
Insecurity 

Intercourse 
Interdiction,  introdnction  2 
Interest 

Irrespective-ly 
Irresponsible-ility 
Is,   his  ;   as,   has  2 

Insignificance-y 
Insignificant-ly 
Insolence 

Interested 
Interior-ly,  anterior-ly3 
Intermingle 

Is  a-n.  as  a-n  2 
Is  as,  his  is,  is  his 
Is  done 

Insolent 
Insolvency 
Insolvent 

Internal,  try  ;  truth  2 
International,  intentional  2 
Interpret-ed-ation 

Is  for,  as  for;  as  if  1 
Is  he,  is  the;  as  he  2 
Is  in,  is  no  2,  his  own  3 

Inspect-ed-ion 
Inspiration 
Inspire 

Interrogate-d 
Interrogation 
Interrupt 

Is  it,  as  it  2 
Is  made,  has  made  2 
Is  met,  has  met  2 

Instant-ly 
Instead 

Intestate 
Intimate-d 

Is  not.  has  not  2 
Is  said,  has  ssijd  3 

Instinctive-ly 

Intimidate-d-ion 

Is  there,  as  there,  or   their  2 

Institute-d 
Institution 
Instruct-ed 

Into,  unto 
Tntolerable-y 
Intrinsical-ly 

Island,   I  vr:!!  not 
Islander,  lender  2 
Issue,  wish  1,  shall  2 

Instruction,  in-the  constnict'n 

Introduce 

Issued 

Instrnctive-ly 
Instructor 

Introduced 
Introdnction,  interdiction  1 

It.  time  1.  at,   out  3 
It  had,  it  would 

Instrument 
Instrumentality 
Insufferable-y 

Introspection 
Intuition 
Invade,  envied;  invite  1 

It  had  not 
It  is;  at  his,  itself  3 
It  ought 

TnsufFicient-cy 
Insular 

Invasion  (see  innovation) 
Invent-ed-or 

It  ought  if,  have 
It  otiirht  to  have  had 

Insulate 

Invention 

It  will 

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88            JUS                                 LAW                         LOU 

It  will  have 

Juvenile 

Leader,  older  2,  louderS 

It  will  have  had 

Juxtaposition 

Learn 

It  will  not 

Learned  (v.) 

It  would 

Lenrned   (adj.) 

It  would  have 

Learned  counsel 

It  would  have  had 

Learned  friend 

It  would  not 

Kansas 

Learned  gent'eman 

Item 

Keep,  copy  2 

Learned  Judge 

Itself,  at  his  ;  it  is  2 

Kentucky 

Legal-ity 

Kind,  cannot  1,  acc't  2 

Legendary 

Kindred 

Legislate-ure 

Kingdom,  common 

Legislation 

January 

Kingdom  of  Christ 

Legislator 

Jehovah 
Jesus,  advantage 

Kingdom  of  God 
Kingdom  of  Heaven 

Legitimate-ly 

Lend,   lent  ;   land  3 

Jesus  Christ 

Knew,  new 

Lengthen 

Jesus  of  Nazareth 

Knew  their,  no  other 

Lesser,  elsewhere  ;  looser  3 

Jews,  advantages  2 

Know,   no;   in  1 

Let  us;  lights,  lots  1 

Jocular-ity 
Join,  religion 

Knowing,  anything  1 
Know  their 

Letter,  lighter  1,  latterS 
Lexieography-er 

Joined,  gentlemen 

Knowledge,  enjoy  1 

Liar,   lower  2 

Jollity,  agility  2 

Liberal-ity 

Jolly,  agile  2 

L 

Libertinism 

Joy  ;  age,  advantage  2 

-*—  j 

Liberty 

Judgment 

Labored 

Liberty  of  the  people 

Judicature-ory 

Ladies  and  gentlemen 

Liberty  of  the  press 

Judicial-ly 

Laid,  load,  held,  old 

Liberty  of  speech 

Judiciary 

Lament-ed 

Light,  lot;  late  2 

Judicious 

Land,  will  notl,  lend  2 

Likely,   local  2 

Judiciously 

Landscape 

Limit-ed 

June,  join  1 

Language  ;  thing,  English  1 

Little,  lately 

Jurisdiction 

Languish 

Long,  along  3 

Jurisprudence 

Large;  age,  ad  vantage  2 

Long  time,  a  long  time  8 

Juror 

Larger,  danger  2 

Longhand 

Jury 

Largest,  gist  1,  just  2 

Longer,  linger 

Juryman 

Last,  loosed  ;  lost  1 

Longer  than 

Just,  gist  1,  largest  3 

Latitude 

Looking-gluss 

Justice 

Latitudinarian 

Lord,  read  ;   word  2 

Justice  of  God 

Latitudinarianism 

Lord  and  Savior  Jesus  Christ 

Ju=tify-able 

Latter,  lighter  I,letlcr2 

Lord  Jesus  0:irist 

Justification 

Law,  ill  ;   will  2 

Loud,  lad  ;  hold  2,  lead] 

Justified 

Lawyer,  lower  2 

Louisiana 

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Lowly,  loyal  1,  whollyS 
Luckily 
Luxuriant 

Mechanic-al 
Mechanics'   Institute 
Mechanism 

Might  not 
Mightest.   mightiest 
Might: 

Luxuriate 
Luxuries-ous 
Luxury 

Medical 
Medical  treatment 
Medicate 

Mighty,  empty   2 
Migrate,   emigrate  2 
Million-th 

M 

Medicine 
Meditate,  mediated  1 
Mediterranean 

Mind,  mint,  may  not  2 
Mine,   men,  mean 
Minimum 

Machine 
Machinery 
Machinist 

Medium,  madam  2 
Meut-iug,  might;  met  2 
Melancholy 

Minister,   minster 
Minister  of  the  Gospel 
Ministerial 

Mad,  immediate  I,  made  2 
Madest,  amidst  ;  midst  1 

Magazine 

Melioration,  amelioration  3 
Member,   remember 
Member  of  the  Bar 

Ministration 
Minnesota 
Minority  - 

Magnanimous-ity 
Magnet-ic 
Magnetism 

Member  of  Congress 
Member  of  Parliament 
Members  of  Congress 

Miracle 

Mirades-ulous 
Misconjeoture-d 

Magnificent-ce 
Majesty-ic,  image  1 
Majority 

Members  of  the  Bar 
Memorandum 
Men,   mean  ;   mati  ^ 

Misdemeanor 
Misfortune 
Misrepresent-ed 

Malevolent-ce 
Malformation 
Malicions-ly 

Mental-ity 
Mention,  emanation  '2 
Mentioned 

Misrepresentation 
Misses   inee  Mrs.) 
Missionary 

Malignant 
Manner;  honor,  near  1 
Mannered,  honored  1 

Merchandize 

Mercies,   remarks  1 
Merciful 

Mississippi 
Missouri 

Mistake,  must  come  i 

Mansion,  mention  1 
Manufacture-r 
Manuscript 

Mercy,  more  ;   humor  3 
.Mere,  remark-able-y 
Merit-ed 

Mistaken 
Mistrust-fed 

Mitigate-d 

Massachusetts 
Material,  immaterial  1 
Materialism 

Messenger 
Messrs. 
Metaphor-ical 

Mitiiratiori 
Modification 
Modified 

Matter,  may  there 
Mature,   immature  1 
May,   am,   him 

Metaphysical 
Method-ical 
Methodist-ic-al 

Monster 
Monsters-  rons-osity 

Moon,  human  ;   man  2 

May  be  (in  Phr.) 
May  there,  matter 
Meaning 

Metropolitan 
Metropolis 
Michigan 

Moral-it  v.  in'oioralityl 
.More,  mercy  :  remark! 
Mur;niity.  immortality  1 

ileant,  may  not  2 
Measure,  pleasure  2 
Measured 

Microscope-ic 
Midst,  modest;  amidst2 
Might,  meat,  meet 

Mortgage-d 
Mart  gag  -"D 
Hortification 

ME  A. 


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Mother,  rnattei 

Necessary  consequences 

North  Carolina 

Motion,  mission  1 

Necessitate 

North-east 

Mount,  movement 

Necessitated 

North-eastern 

Mountain,  maintain  2 

Necessity 

North-west 

Movement,   mound 

Need  not 

North-western 

Mr.  remark-able-bly 

Needful 

Not,  night  ;  nature  2 

Mrs.  (see  Misses) 

Needless,  endless  2 

Nothing 

Much,   each  1,  which  2 

Negative 

Notwithstanding 

Much  as,  much  is 

Neglect-  ed 

Nourish-ment 

Much  will 

Negligent-cc 

Nourished 

Much  will  have 

Neither,  entire;  enter  2 

Now 

Mur  icr-ed 

Neutral-ity 

Nowhere,  anywhere  1 

Must,  most;  almost  1 

Neutralize 

Nuisance,   innocence  1 

Mutable,  immutable  1 

Never,   navy  ;  envy  1 

Number-ed,  re-member  2 

Mutual-ly,  metal  2 

Nevertheless 

Numberless 

My,  me  ;  am,  him  2 

New,  knew 

Myself,  himself  2 

Newfoundland 

o 

Mysteries-ous 

New  Hampshire 

vy 

Mystery 

New  Jersey 

Oath,  think  ;  thank  3 

Mystified 

New  Mexico 

Obedient 

Mystify 

New  Testament 

Obey 

New   York  City 

Obeyed 

N 

New  York  State 

Object,  be  ;  by,  boy  1 

News,  owns;  hence  2 

Objection 

Name,  enemy  1 

Next,  influenced  1 

Objectionable 

Narrate-ed,  inherit-ed  1 

No,  know  ;   in  1.  own  3 

Objective 

Narration 

No  doubt,  indeed  1 

Oblige 

Narrative 

No  less 

Observe-d-ant-ation 

Narrow 

No  other,  another  2 

Obsolete,  absolute  3 

National-ity 

No  other  one 

Obstruct-ed,  abstract-ed  3 

National  expenditure 

Nobody,  anybody  1 

Obstruction,  abstraction  3 

National  reform 

Noisy,  uneasy  2 

Occasiou-ed,  caution  1 

Nat:iral-ly 

Nomenclature 

Occasional-ly 

Naturalist-zed 

None,  known;  union  3 

Occupied 

Nature,  note  ;  not  1 

Noncompliance 

Occupy 

Navigato-d-or 

Nonconformist 

Occur,  care  ;  cure  3 

Navigation 

Noncomformity 

Occurred,  accurate  3 

Near,  nor,  honor 

Nondescript 

Occurrence 

Nearest,  nursed  2 

Non-essential 

Occurs,  course,  cares 

Nearly,  mannerly  2 

Nor,  near,  honor 

October 

Necessarily 

North 

Of,  to  2 

Necessary 

North  America 

Of  their,  have  their  2 

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OWN 

PIST 

Of  their  own 

Ordinary  circumstances 

Off,  if;   for  2,  few  3 

Organ 

P 

Office,  if  his;  for  his  2 

Organic 

•^L 

Officious-ness 

Organism 

Paganism 

Officiously 

(  h-ganized 

Paid 

Often,  tine  :  Phonog.  2 

Organs-ize 

Painful 

Oftentimes. 

Origin,  region  1 

Parallel 

Ofttimes 

Original-ly 

Parallele-i 

Oh,  owe;  before  2 

Originality 

Parisian 

Ohio 

Ornament 

Parliament-ary 

Old,  hold,  held,  laid 

Ornamental 

Part-ed,  promt  ;  appeared  1 

Old  and  New  Testam't 

Ornamentation 

Pariial-ly-ity 

Old  Testament 

Orthodox-v 

Particle 

Omnipotent-ce 

Ostentation 

Particular,  pride 

Omnipresent-ce 

Ostentatious-ly 

Partner 

Oraniscient-ce 

Other,  either  1,  their  2 

Part}'   (in  law) 

On,  should  2 

Otherwise 

Party  of  tin-  first  papt 

On  account  of 

Ought,   who  2 

Party   of  the  sec.   par*. 

On  either  hand 

Ought  not,  it  ought  not 

Passed,  past,  happiest 

On  the  one  hand 

Ought  to,  it  hail  3 

Passion,  compassion  2 

On  the  other  hand 

Ought  to  have 

Passionate 

Once,  ones  ;   wins  1 

Ought  to  have  had 

Pastor,  pester  2 

One,  won  ;  when,  win  1 

Our,  air  2.  her,  hear  1 

Patent-ed 

Only 

Our  own.   her  own  1 

Patentable 

Only  as 

Ours,  arouse;  airs  2 

Paternal 

Onward 

Ourselves 

Patience 

Open,  upon 

0-it,  at;  time  1,  it  2 

Patient-ly 

Opened,  upon  it 

Outcast 

Patriarch 

Opera  te-d 

Outward 

Patriarchal 

Operation,  oppression  3 

Outweigh 

Patron 

Opinion,  none  2,  unionS 

Over;  every,  very  2 

Pattern 

Opportune,  particular  1 

Over  it 

Pi  'ace,  piece,  weeps 

Opposite,  apposite  3 

Overcome 

Peculiar-ity 

Opposition,  position  2 

Overlook 

Peculiar  circumstances 

Oppression,  operation  2 
Oppressor 

Overspread 
Overtake 

Peculiar  cir.  of  the  case 
Pecuniary-ily 

Option,  compassion  2 

Overtaken 

Pedant-ic 

Or.   but  2 

Overwhelm 

Pedantry 

Oration 

Owing 

Peevish-ly 

Orator-y 

Own  ;  know,  no  2,  in  1 

Penalty 

Order-ed,  are  there  2 

Owned;  under,  end  2 

Per.etrate-d-ab!* 

Ordinary-ily 

0  wner,  dinner  2,  honor  1 

Penetration 

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Penitential 
Pennsylvania 
People-d,  comply  1 

PhoQOgraphei 

Phonographic 
Phonography 

Precision,  procession  2 
Predestinate-d 
Predestination 

Per  annum 
Per  cent 
Perfect-ed 

Photograph  -ic 
Physical 
Piety,  pity  2 

Predominance 
Predominant 
Predominate-i 

Perfection 
Perfonn-ed 
Pertbrms-ance 

Plaintiff,  complaint  2 
Platform 
Please,  place  2 

Pre-eminent 

Prejudice 
Prejudiced 

Perh:)  ps,   propose 
Perish-able,   parish  3 
Permanence,  prominence  1 

Pleasure,  measure  3 
Plenipotentiary 
Plenty-ful 

Preliminary 
Premise,   promise  2 
Preparation 

Permanent-'  y,  prominent-ly  1 
Permission,  promot'n  3 
Permit,   promote  3 

Plural-ity 
Point  of  fact 
Point  of  view 

Prepare 
Prepared 
Prerogative 

Pernicioiis-ly 
Perpendicular-ly-ity 
Perpetual-te-d 

Police  Court 
Political 
Political  economy 

Presbytery-ian 
Prescribe-d 
Prescription 

Persecute-d 
Persecution 
Perseverance 

Polygamy-ist 
Poor,  power-  ful 
Popular-ly-ity 

Present-ed 
Present  circumstances 
Present  cir.  of  the  case 

Persevered 
Persia-n 
Personal-ly 

Popular  sovereignty 
Portion,  apportion  3 
Possess,  pieces  1 

Presentation 
Preserve-d-ation 
Preside,  proceed  2 

Personality 
Personification 
Perspective 

Possessed 
Possesses 
Possession,  position  2 

President  of  the  U.  S. 
Presidential 
Prevent-ed 

Perspicuity 
Persuade,  pursued  3 
Pertain,   appertain  3 

Possessive 
Possessor 
Possibilities 

Priestcraft 
Prime  Minister 
Primogeniture 

Pertinacious-ly 
Pervade,  provide  1 
Pestilence-tial 

Possible-y-ility,  peaceable  1 
Posterity 
Pound,  happened 

Principle-al-ly 
Private,  provide 
Privilege-d 

Petrify,  putrify  Z 
Phenomena 
Phenomenon 

Poverty,  hope  to  haveS 
Power-ful,  poor 
Practicable-ility 

Probable-y-ility 
Probation,  approbate  3 
Problematical 

Phihmthropy-ic-ist 
Philology 

Philosopher,  falsifier  1 

Practice-al-ly 
Practiced 
Preach,  approach  2 

Proceed,  persuade 
Procession,  persuasions 
Proclaimed-ed-rnation 

Philosophy-ic-al 
Phonetic 
Phonetic  Society 

Precede,  preside 
Precipitate-d-ion 
Precisely 

Prodigal-ity 
Prodigious 
Product,  predict  1 

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Production,  perdition  1 
Productive 
Proiicient-ce-y 

Public-ish-ed 
Public  opinion 
Public  spirit-ed-ness 

Ratify 
Rational-ly-ity,  irrational  ly  1 
Read  (v.)  Lord  ;  word  1 

Profit-ed-ahle 
Prognosti''»te-d-ion 
Prohihit-ed 

Publication 
Punctual-ity 
Punish-ed-ment 

Read  {part.}  iOde  'i 
Reader,   harder  3 
Readiness,  redness 

Prohibition,  approbation  3 
Prominent,  pernmn't  2 
Promise,  premise   1 

Pure 
Purpose-ly 
Pursue 

Real-ly,  relv  ;   rule  3 
Reality,  relate  2 
Realization 

Promote,  prompt  1,  permit  2 
Promotion,  permiss'n  2 
Promulgate-d-ion 

Pursued,  persuade  2 
Pusillanim-ous-ity 
Put,  apt 

Realize 
Realized 
Rebutting  evidence 

Proper-Iy,  property 
Prophet,  profit-ed-able 
Prophetic 

Q 

Recapitulate  4-ion 
Recipient 
Recognize 

Propitious 
Proportion 
Proportionate 

Qualification 
Qualify 
Quality 

Recollect-ed 
Recollection 
Rt'-ommend-ed 

Proportioned 
Propose,  perhaps 
Propriety 

Quantity 
Question 
Questionable 

Recommendation 
Recover-y-ed-able 
Redeem 

Pr.)?cribe-d 
Proscription,  prosecotion  3 
Prescriptive 

Qaicken 
Quiet,  acauit  2,  acute  3 
Quite,  caught  ;  could  2 

Redeemed 
Redeemer 
Redemption 

Prosecute-d 
Prosecution 
Prospect-ed 

R 

Redundance-y 
Redundant-ly 
Refer 

Prospective-ly 
Prosperity 
Prostitute-d 

Radiant,  ardent  3 
Railroad 
Railroad  Gar 

Reference 
Referred  (see  Severt) 
Reflect-ed 

Protect-ed 

Railroad  Station 

Reflection 

Protection 
Protestant-ism 

Railway 
Rain,  run  ;  rao  3 

Reform  -ed-atory 
Reformation 

Prove,  proof;  zpprove-al  3 
Proved,  approved  3 
Providence 

Raise,  rise  1,  rouse  3 
Rapid,  repeat  1,  repute? 
Rapidity 

Refractory 
Regard-ed,  regret-ted  2 
Regenerate-d 

Provident 
Providential 
Provincial 

Rare,  roar;  rear  1 
Rascality 
Rate,  wrote  ;  right  1 

Regeneration 
Regenerative 
Regular-ity 

Prussia-n 
Psalm,  consume 
Psalmist 

Rather 
Rather  than 
Ratification 

Regular  nomination 
Regular  nominee 
Regulate-d 

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100          REP                           REV                               SAT 

Regulation 
Keiterate-d,  retort  1 
Reiteration 

Repute-ed 
Resemble-d-ance 
Reserve-ation 

Reward-ed 
Rhetoric-al 
Rhode  Island 

Reject-ed-ion 
Relate-d,  reality  1 
Relation 

Reserved 
Resignation 
Resist-able 

Ride,  reed  ;  rude  3 
Right  Honorable 
Right  Honorable  Sir 

Rela,ive-ly 
Relent-less 
Relevance 

Resolution 
Respect-ed-ing-ful 
Elespectable-ility 

Right  Reverend 
Righteous-ness 
Rise,  raise  2,  rouse  3 

Relief,  relieve 
Religion,  general-ly  2 
Religionist,  generalized  2 

Respective-ly 
Resplendent 
Resplendence 

Roll,  rill  1 
Roman   Catholic 
Roman   Catholicism 

Religious,  joys 
Relinquish-ed-ment 
Relish 

Respond-ed-ent-ence 
Response-ive 
Responsible-ility 

Romanism 
Root,  right  1,  rate  2 
Round-ed  ;  rend,  rent  2 

Relnctant-ly-ce 
Remark-able-ably 
Remember-ed 

Restore-ation 
Restored 
Restrict-ed 

Row  (sub.)  row  (v)  2 
Ruin,  rainy  2 
Ruined   (see  Renewed!) 

Remembrance 
Remit-ted-tance 
Eemonstrate-d 

Restriction 
Restrictive 
Resurrection 

Ruins,  ruinous 
Runaway,   run  away 
Rule-d,  rail  L>,  real-ly  1 

Render-ed 
Renew 
Renewed  (see  Ruined) 

Resurrection  of  Christ 
Retort-ed.  reiterate-d  2 
Retract-ed-ion 

Ruler,  railer  2 
Rustic 
Rural 

Rent,  rend  ;  round  3 
Repealed,  repelled  2 
Repeat-ed,  rapid  2 

Retreat-ed 
Retrospect-ion 
Retrospective 

S 

Repent-ed 
Repentance 
Repetition,  reputations 

Return 
Returned 
Revea!-ed,  revile-d  1 

Sacred,  secret  1 
Safer,  sphere  1 
Said  to  have 

Replenish-ed-ment 
Report-ed 
importing  style 

Revelation,  revolut'n  3 
Revelled 
Revenge-d,  ravage-d  3 

Sailed,  sold  ;  sealed  1 
Salubrity,  celebrity  2 
Salvation  ;  sale,  soul  ? 

Ro-rehensible-ility 
Keprehensive 
Represent-ed 

Revengeful 
Reverence 
Reverend,  refrained 

Sample,  symbol  1 
Sanctificatiou 
Sanctify 

".^presentation 
Representative 
Republic,  republish-ed 

Reverential 
Reverse,  rivers 
Revert-ed  (see  Refer) 

Sanction-ed 
Sanctity 

Sanctuary 

Republican 
D-?puYiicution 
Repugnant-ce 

Revolt-ed 
Revolution   revelat'n  2 
Revolve-d 

Sanguinary 
Sanguine 
Satisfaction 

Rj    I' 


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Satisfy-ied-actory            |  Si-e,  sea  ;  say,  so  2 

Significance 

Saturday                           IS  eing,  saying  2 

Significant1}- 

Saviour,  several 

Seemed,  is  made 

Signification 

Saviour  of  the  world 

Seeming,  something  2 

Significative 

Saw,  sigh  (vocalize) 

Sees,  cease  ;  says  2 

Signify-ied,  significant 

Say,  so  ;  see  1,  us  3 

See  there,  so  there  2 

Similar-ity 

Saying,  seeing  1 

Seize,  size 

Simple-y-icity 

Sceptic-al 

Seldom 

Simpler 

Scepticista 

Selfish-ness,  his  wish  1 

Simplest 

Scholar 

Senator,  centre 

Simplification 

School,  skill  1,  scale  2 

Sensible-ility 

Simplified 

Schoolmaster 

Sensual-ity 

Simplify 

Scientific                         1  Sentence 

Sing,  song  ;  sang  3 

Scotland 

Sentiment 

Sing  their,  sang  their  < 

Scoundrel 

Sentimentalism 

Single,  singular-ly-ity 

Scoundrelism 

Separate-d 

Sinner,  sooner  3 

Scripture,  describe-d  1 

Separation,  suppress'nS 

Sister 

Scrutiny 

September 

Situation 

Season 

Sequence 

Skill,  scale  2,  school  3 

Seasoned 

Serene-ly 

Skilled,  seclude  3 

Seat,  sit,  sight,  city 

Serious,  sorrows  2 

Slander,  slender  1 

Vocalize    seat    and    site 
when  they  are  used  for, 
and    would    clash    with 

Seriously 
Serve,  surf 

Slumber 
Smaller 

City. 

Servility 

Smother,   smoother  3 

Secession,  cessation  2 

Session,  concession  1 

Sober  minded-ness 

Secession  movement 

Sessional 

Social 

Seclude,  schooled 

Set  off,  set  forth  2 

Socialism 

Secluded 

Several,  save 

Society 

Seclusion 

Shall,  shall;  she,  wishl 

Sojourn 

Second-ly,  consequentl 

Shall  it,  wish  it  1 

Solitary,  salutary  3 

Secret,  sacred  2 

Shall  there,  wish  there  1 

Solvency,  sloven 

Secretary  of  State 

Sha'nt,  shunned  2 

Some  one,  summon 

Sec'y  of  the  Treasury 

She,  wish  ;  issue  3 

Some  other,  smoother 

Secretary  of  War 

She  had,  she  would 

Some  other  one 

Sectarian 

She  ought,  wish  it 

Something,  seeming  ( 

Sectarianism 

Shine,  shone  ;  shown  2 

Sometimes 

Secular-ity 

Short,   shirt  2 

Somewhat 

Sp-jiire,  seeker  1 

Shorthand,  shortened 

Son  of  God 

Secured,  succored  2 

Shortsighted-ness 

Son  of  Man 

Security 

Should,  on  1 

Songster 

Sedentary 

Show,  shall  ;  issue  3 

Soon  ;  seen,  sin  1 

S&aitiou 

Show  their,  shall  there 

Soon  there 

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Sooner,  sinner  1 
Sorrow,  sorry 
Soul,  sale;  salvations 

Starry,   story  2 
State,  stout  3 
Stated,  constitute-d  1 

Succession 

Successive 
Succiuct-ly 

Sound;  signed,  sinned! 
Sour,  seer  1,  sir,  soar  2 
South  America 

Statement 
Statesman-en 
Stationary-ery 

Succor,  secure  3 
Succored,  secured  3 
Such  a  one 

Soutli  Carolina 

Statistics 

Such  are 

South  east 
South  eastern 

Stead,  stayed  ;  stood  3 
Steady,  study 

Such  had 
Such  had  not 

South  west 
South  westerly 
South  western 

Stenography-ic 
Stepping  stone 
Stereotype-ic 

Such  have 
Such  have  had 
Such  ought 

Southern 
Southern  Confederacy 
Southern  rights 

Stereotyped 
Stick,  stock  ;  stake  2 
Still,  style  ;  stole  2 

Such  ought  not 
Such  onglit  net  to  hav« 
Such  ought  to  have 

Southerner 
Speak,  speech,  spoke 
Speakable 

Stilled 
Sting,  stung  2 
Stirred,  stored 

Such  ought  to  have  had 
Such  were 
Such  will 

Speaker 
Special-ly 
Speciality 

Strange 
It  is  strange  (in  Phr.) 
Stranger 

Such  will  have 
Such  will  have  had 
Such  will  not 

Specify-ic 
Speculate-d-or 
Speculation 

Strength,  external-ity  2 
Streuglheu-ed 
Student 

Such  wov.ld 
Si:ch  would  have 
Such   would  have   had 

Speechify 
Spelling  Reform 
Spendthrift 

Studied,  steadied 
Stupendous 
Subject,  is-has  to  be  3 

Such  wd.  not,  such  had  not 
Sudden,  sadden  3 
Suffer 

Spirit,  spread  *>• 
Spirit  of  Christ 
Spirit  o*  God 

Subjection 
Subjective 
Subjugate-d 

Suffered 
Sufferer 
Sufficient-ly-ca 

Spiritual-ity 
Spiritual  world 
Spiritualism 

Subjugation 
Sublime-ity 
Subordinate-d 

Suggest-ed 
Suggestion 
Suggestive-ly-ness 

Splendid 
Splendor 
Spoken 

Subordination 
Subscribe-d 
Subscription 

Suitable,  stable  2 
Summer-ary 
Summon,  some  one 

Spontaneous-ly 
Stable,  suitable  3 
Staid,  stud  ;  steed  1 

Subserve 
Subservient-ce-y 
Substantial-ly-te-d 

Summoned 
Sunday  School 
Superabundance 

StauiD-ed,  stump-ed 
F'^uaard 
Star,  steer  1,  store  2 

Substitute-d 
Success 
Successful 

Superabundant 
Supererogation 
Superficial-ity 

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Superfine 
Superincumbent 
Superinduced 

Sustained,  consistent  1 
Swindle 
Swindled 

Testimonial 
Testimony 
Texas 

Superintend-ed-ent 
Superintendence 
Superior-ity 

Swindler 
Symbol 
Symbolized 

Than,  thine  1.  then  2 
Than  it,  then  it  2 
Thank,  hath,  youth 

Superior  Court 
Superlative-ly 
Supernatural 

Symbol  s-ize 
Sympathetic-ally 
Sympathy 

Thank  tlieir,  think  t.iere  3 
Thankful-ly-ness 
Thanksgiving 

Superscription 
Superstition 
Superstitious-ness 

Synonyme 
System 
Systematic-al 

That,  without  2 
The  first 
The  first  is 

Suppliant,  supplant  3 
Supplication 
Supply 

T 

The  first  occasion 
The  first  plane 
The  first  subject 

Support-ed 
Supportable 
Suppose 

Tabernacle 
Take  it,  talked  1 
Tangible-ility 

The  first  thing 
The  other 
The  other  one 

Supposed 
Supposition 
Supposititious 

Tantamount 
Technical-ity 
Telegraph-ic 

Thee,  thy;  they,  them2 
Themselves,  this  is 
Then  ;  thine,  within  1 

Supreme-acy 
Supreme  Being 
Supreme  Court 

Telescope-ic 
Tell,  till  ;  until,  at  all  3 
Tells,  tell  as,  till  his 

Then  it,  than  it  3 
Thenceforward 
Theology-ical 

Suppress,  express  1 
Suppression,  separat'n2 
Sure-ly,  assure  3 

Temperament 
Temperance-ate 
Temperance  Society 

Theoretical-ly 
Their,  there,  they  are 
There  had,  there  would 

Surprise,  express  1 
Surprised,  expressed  1 
Surretsder-ed 

Temperature 
Temporal-ity 
Tempted,  attempt-ed  3 

There  had  not 
There  it,  there  ought  1 
There  ought  not 

Surreptitious-ly 
Surround-ed 
Survey,  survive-d  1 

Temptation 
Tenable  (see  Attainable] 
Tend,  tent;  at  hand  3 

There  would  not 
Therefore 
Thereto 

Surveyed 
Susceptible-ility 
Suspect-ed 

Tendency 
Tenement 
Tennessee 

Thermometer 
These,  this  2,  those  3 
These  circumstances 

Suspend 

Suspended 

8'ispens* 

Terminate 
Termination 
Testament 

These  instances 
They,  thy  1.  thou  3 
They  are,  either  1,  other  3 

Suspension 
Suspicion 
Sustain 

Testamentary 
Testified 
Testify 

They  had,   they  would 
They  had  not,  than  it 
They  ought,  though  ii  3 

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They  oaght  not,  then  it  2 
They  will 
They  will  not 

To  be  able  to 
To  become 
Together,  go  ;  give-n  1 

Tuned,  atoned,  at  hand 
Turn  ;  outrun,  outran  3 
Turned,   tyrant  1 

They  would,  they   had 
They  would  not 
Thine,  within  ;  then  2 

Told  ;  tell  it,  till  it  1 
Tolerance 
Tolerant 

Twelve-th.  it  will  bn.vt 
T\vc  or  three 
Twould  have 

Thing.  England,  English 
Think,  oath  ;  thank  3 
Think  it,   thought  1 

Tolerate-d 
Toleration 
To-morrow 

'Twould  have  had 
Typography-ic-al 
Tyrannic-al 

Think  there,  think  they  are 
Third,  authority  1 
This,  thyself  1,  thus  3 

Too,  two;  all  1 
Torment-ed 
Torpid-ity,  tripped  1 

U 

This  is,  themselves 
This  is  only 
This  is  really 

Touched,  attached  3 
Toward,  trade  ;  tried  1 
Town,  tune,  atone 

Ultimate-ly 
Ultimatum 
Unable,   enabl?  2 

This  only 
Thither,  the  other  2 
Those,  thus;  these  1 

Trader 
Trajric-al,  tragedy 
Train,  eternal-ity 

Unanimons,  anonyuions  1 
Unavoidable-y,  inevitable  2 
Una  wares 

Thou,  though  ;  they  2 
Thou  wilt,  they  will  2 
Thou  wilt  not 

Traitor  (see  Trader) 
Tranquil-ity 
Transatlantic 

Unceremonious-ly 
Uncertain 
Uncommon 

Though,  thou  ;  them  2 
Though  it,  they  had 
Though  their,  tho'  they  are 

Transcend-ed 
Transcendent-ai  ism 
Transcribe-d 

Uncontradicted 
Undecided-ly 
Undefined 

Thought,      thfnk  it  2 
Thousand-th,   thank 
Three;  author  I,  thro'  3 

Transcript 
Transcription 
Transfer-red 

Under,  end  ;  hand  3 
Under  tne  circumstances 
Under  the  cir.  or  t..e  case 

Through  it 
Through  one 
Through  their 

Transfers-ence 
Transform-ed-ation 
Transgress 

Underhand-ed 
Understand-ing 
Understood 

Throughout,  third  2 
Thunder 
Thy,  thee;  the;/,  them2 

Transgression 
Transient 
Transparent 

Undertake,  undertook 
Undertaken 
Undignified 

Thyself,  these;  this  2 
Till,  tell;  until  at  all  3 
Till  his,  tell  us  tell  his 

Transubstantiation 
Treat,  tried  ;  trade  2 
Trinity 

Undoubted,  indebted  2 
Undutiful 
Uneasy,  noisy  1 

Till  it,  tell  it;  until  it  3 
Timber 
Time,  eat;  it  2.  at  3 

True,  try  1 
Truly,  utterly  2 
Truth,  internal  1,  trueS 

Unequalled,  uncalled 
Unequivocal-ly 
Unexpected-ly 

Timid-ity 
To.  of  2 
To  be;  by,  bcj  1 

Try  to  have 
Tuition 
Tune,  attain  2,  atone  3 

Unfortunate-ly 
Unheard  of 
Uniform-ity,  informed* 

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110         UNB                          VAL                          TUL 

Unimaginable 

Unrequited 

Vanish 

Unimagined 

Unreserved 

Vegetable 

Unimpissioned 

Unruly,  unreal  1 

Vegetarian 

Dnimportant-ce 

Unsatisfactory-ily 

Vegetarianism 

Unimproved 

Unseasonable 

Vegetate-d 

Unintelligible 

Unseasoned 

Venality 

Union,  noon;  none  'I 

Unsectarian 

Vermont 

Unitarian 

Unscriptural 

Version,  aversion  3 

Unitarianism 

Unscrupulousness 

Very,  every  ;  whoeverS 

United,  untied  1 

Unsecured 

Veterinary 

United  Kingdom 

Unseemly 

Vexatious-ly-ness 

United  States 

Unselfish-ly 

Vice  President 

United  States  Senate 

Unsophisticate-d 

Vice  versa 

United  States  Senator 

Unspeakable-y 

View,  vow  ;   over  1 

U.  S.  of  America 

Unsubstantial 

View  their,  have  there  2 

Unity,  unite 

Unsnrmonntable 

Viewed,  vowed  ;  have  it  2 

Universal-ity 

Unsnstained,  inconsistent  I 

Vindicate-d 

Universal  Church 

Unsymmetrical 

Vindication 

Universal  discontent 

Untenable 

Violation,  volition  2 

Universal  happiness 

Until,  at  all  ;  till,  tell  2 

Violent,   valiant  2 

Universalism 

Until  it  ;  till  it,  tell  it  1 

Virginia 

Universalist 

Up,  weep  1,  hope  3 

Virtual 

Universe 

Upon,  open;  punish  3 

Virtue 

University 

Upon  it,  opened 

Virtuous 

Unkind-ness 

Upward 

Virtuously 

Unless 

Us,  use;  saw  1,  so  2 

Vision,  evasion  2 

Unmeasurable-y 

Use  (v.)  whose  ;  was  2 

Visionary 

Unmeasured 

Used,  is  it  1,  as  it  2 

Vitality 

Unnecessarily 

Usual-ly 

Viva  voce 

Unnecessary 

Utterly,  truly  3 

Vocation,  avocation  3 

Unparallelled 

Voice,  vice;  have  his  I 

Unpopnlar-ity 

y 

Void,  of  it:  have  had  2 

Unquestionable-y 

Volition,  violation  1 

Unquestioned 

Vacancy 

Voluntarily 

Unreal,  unruly  3 

Vain,  heaven  ;  even  1 

Voluntary 

Unreasonable-ness 

Valiant,  violent  1 

Voluntary  principle 

Unrecompensed 

Valid-ity 

Volunteer 

Unreconciled 

Valuable 

Volunteered 

Unrecoverable 

Valuation 

Voracious,  avaricicasS 

Unrepenerate- 

Value,  evil  2 

Votary 

Unrelenting 

Value  their 

Voter 

Unreliable 

Valued 

Vulgar-ity 

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Wait-ed.  await-ed  3 

We  rather,  where  are  2 

Whereby 

Wake,  week  1,  a  wake  3 

We  regard,  we  regret  1 

Wherefore 

Waked,  awaked  3 

We  were,  were  we  2 

Wherefore  there  ia 

Waken,  awaken  3 

We  wore  no- 

Wherein 

Walk 

We  will,  while  ;  will  2 

Whereof,   we  are  of  1 

Walked 

We  will  not 

Wheresoever 

Wander 

\Ve  would 

Wheresoever  there  ia 

Wanderer 

Weak,  wake  2  awake  3 

Wherever 

Want 

\Veakened,  awakened  3 

Wherever  there  is  the 

Wanted 

Wednesday 

Wherewith 

War,  what  are  1 

Weep,  up  2.  hope  3 

Whether,   weather 

Ward,  what  art  1 

Well  ;  while,  we  will  1 

Whether  there 

Wa:ehouse 

Went,  when  it  ;  wont  2 

Which  ;   each,  watch   1 

Warehoused 

Were,  with  1 

Which  are,  which  were  3 

Wann-ed 

Were  it,  where  it 

Wh.  lire  net,  wli.  were  nj(  3 

Warn 

Were  it  not 

Which  are  of 

Warned 

Were  not,  we  are  not  1 

Which  are  to  have 

Warrant-ed-able 

Were  we,  we  were  1 

AVhich  had,  wh.  would 

Warrior 

Wesley  an  Society 

Which  had  not 

Was;  ease,  easy  1 

West,  waste,  waist 

Wrhich  have 

WTas  there,  h-as  there 

West  Indies 

Whk-h   have  had 

Watch,  each  ;  which  2 

What,  would  2 

Which  it,  which  ought 

Watched,  which  it 

What  are 

Which  ought  not 

Water,  what;  would  2 

What  is 

Which  ought  to  have 

Way.  weigh;  away  3 

What  we.  what  were 

Wh.  ought  to  have  had 

Wayward 

What  would 

Which   were 

\Ve  are,  where  2,  aware  3 

Whatever 

Which  were  not 

We  are  in 

Whatsoever 

Which  were  of 

We  are  not,  were  not  2 

When,  win,  wine 

Which  were  to  have 

We  are  of,  where  of  2 

When  it,  went 

Wh.  were  to  have  had 

We  are  to  have 

When  it  is,  when  its 

Which  will,  much  will  3 

We  may,  with  him 

When  there,  winter 

Which   will  it 

We  may  be  (in  Pkr.) 

Whence;  once,  ones  2 

Which  will  not 

We  may  not 

Whenever 

Which  would,  wh.  had 

We  mean,  we  mean  to 

Whenever  there 

Which  would  have 

We  meant,  we  meant  to 

Whensoever 

Whicn  would  have  had 

We  meet,  we  might 

Whensoever  there 

Which  would  not 

We  mention 

Where 

While,  we  will  1,  wel!2 

We  met 

Where  are,  we  rather  1 

Whimsical-ity 

We  might,  we  meet 

Where  it,  were  it 

Whither,  whether  2 

77  e  might  not 

Where  it  is,  were  its 

Who.  ought  1 

We  must 

Whereas 

Whoever'  ver^  ever.v2 

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114         WIT                          WRI                             ZES 

Whoever  there-they  ara 
Whole,  allow;  will  2 
Wholly,  lowly  2 

Within,  heathen,  thine 
Without,  that  1 
Withstand 

Y 

WThorn,  home;  me,  myl 
Whomsoever 
Whose,  use  (v)  ;  was  2 

Withstood 
Woman,  women  1 
Wonder-tnl,  when  there  1 

Ye.  year,  years,  yearly 
Yes;  yours,  yourself  2 
Yesterday 

Why,  way  2,  away  3 
Wicked-ly-ness 
Wield,  wild,  wilt 

Wont,  went;  when  it  1 
Word  ;  Lord,  read  1 
Word  of  God 

Yet;  ye.  year-s  1 
Yield-ed 
You,  beyond  1 

Will,  law  1,  allow  3 
Will  not;  lend,  lent  2 
Willing-ly 

Words  of  my  text 
Words  of  our  text 
Work-ed 

You  have 
You  have  not 
You  think 

Winter,  when  tnere 
Wisconsin 
Wisdom 

Working  classes 
Workman,  workme 
World,  were  it 

Young,  language  2 
Younger,  anger-y 
Your 

Wisdom  of  God 
Wise;  ways,  woes  2 
Wisest 

World  above 
World  of  fashion 
World  of  spirits 

Your  own 
Yourself,  yours 
Yourselves,  yours  it 

Wish,  she;  shall,  shalt2 
Wish  it,  wished 
Wisher,  sure  2  assure  3 

World  to  come 
Worship-ed 
Worshiper 

Youth,  thank,  hath 
Youth's,   thanks 
Youths,  thosw,  thus 

With 
With  him,  with  whom  3 
With  me,  with  my 

Worthy  member 
Woald,  what  1 
Would  we 

Z 

With  our  own 
With  Waat 
Withdiuw 

Wound-ed.  went  1 
Wretched-ly-ness 
Write,  writ,  wrought 

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118 

EXERCISE  ON  THE  REPORTING  LOGOGRAPHS. 
AN  IMAGINARY  SPEECH,  BY  T.  A.  REED. 

MR.  CHAIRMAN,  I  am  neither  able  nor  willing  to  address 
to  this  assembly  many  observations  on  the  present  occasion.  I 
conceive  it,  however,  my  duty  to  comply  with  your  request, 
and  to  state  the  reasons  which  influence  me  in  helping  to 
organize  the  movement  which  you  have  this  day  met  to  pro- 
mote. The  education  of  the  young  people  of  our  town  is  a 
subject  which,  as  you  are  aware,  has  greatly  interested  me. 
During  the  period  of  youth  the  mind  is  capable  of  wo::der- 
ful  development  for  good  or  for  evil.  Probably  there  is  not 
one  of  us  who  does  not  regret  some  bad  habit  acquired  in 
youth  ;  and  there  are  very  few  in  the  world  who  do  not 
largely  owe  the  good  qualities  which  they  possess  to  early 
cultivation.  If  therefore  we  can,  in  any  degree,  store  the 
youthful  mind  with  useful  information,  or  impress  it  with 
wise  and  holy  principles,  we  do  one  of  the  purest  acts  of 
benevolence  which  it  is  possible  to  perform.  It  will  at  once 
be  admitted  that  a  system  of  education,  to  be  truly  valuable, 
ought  to  combine  moral  with  intellectual  instruction. 
Where  a  moral  and  religious  principle  is  cot  cultivated,  there 
is  a  danger  lest  knowledge  should  but  point  out  increased 
facilities  for  crime,  and  lead  its  possessor  farther  away  from 
the  path  of  rectitude.  When  I  consider  the  amount  of  juve- 
nile ignorance  and  crime  existing  among  us  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  I  am  perfectly  astonished  that  so  little  has  been 
done  to  remove  it.  The  only  remedy  for  this  evil  is  educa- 
tion. Some  kind  of  education  will  be  received  wherever  the 
child  happens  to  be,  in  the  street  or  in  the  house,  in  the 
playground  or  in  the  school.  Are  not  the  familiar  occur- 
rences of  the  day  important  lesssons,  which  the  child  must 
receive  and  will  apply  in  one  way  or  another?  Each  of  his 
childish  amusements,  even,  we  may  be  assured,  contributes 
somewhat  to  his  education,  and  might  be  so  regulated  as 
either  to  foster  the  natural  pride  of  the  human  heart,  or  be 
made  serviceable  to  the  government  of  the  temper  and  the 


120  EXERCISE    ON    THE    REROUTING    LOQOGRAPHS. 


development  of  good  and  happy  feelings.  I  hope,  then,  that 
home  influence  will  not  be  neglected  or  forgotten.  I  have 
again  and  again  myself  urged  you  to  begin  aright,  in  order 
that  the  character  of  the  child  may  be  well  formed.  I  am 
not  able  to  describe  or  point  out  any  specific  method,  or  lay 
down  any  definite  rules  to  be  adopted.  Different  methods 
will  be  pursued  by  different  individuals,  all  probably  good, 
no  single  one  perfect  or  complete.  Certain  it  is  that  educa- 
tion ought  ever  to  begin  at  the  first  dawn  of  a  child's  in- 
telligence; nay,  as  our  dear  friend  Dr.  Williams  told  us,  at 
its  very  birth.  But  whatever  you  do,  cultivate  in  your 
children's  minds  an  implicit  trust  in  Providence,  and  a  deep 
love  of  pure  religion  as  made  known  in  the  written  revela- 
tion of  the  divine  will ;  the  knowledge  of  which,  as  Scrip- 
ture tells  us,  is  "life  unto  him  that  hath  it."  Though  a 
number  of  objections,  some  new  and  some  old,  are  even  now 
made  to  early  moral  and  intellectual  cultivation,  they  are 
urged  by  but  few  who  take  what  I  call  a  rational  view  of 
the  matter,  and  there  would  be  no  difficulty  in  meeting 
them  all.  There  are  some,  however,  with  whom  it  would  be 
idle  to  discuss  the  subject.  They  admit  that  ignorance  is 
often  the  fruitful  source  of  crime,  and  the  barrier  to  true 
liberty ;  but  they  are  terrified,  as  it  were,  at  acy  prospect  of 
enlightenment.  If  it  were  a  practical  task  to  convince  those 
gentlemen  of  their  error,  I  woul  1  use  every  means  I  possess 
of  doing  so;  but  as  I  know  that  I  should  be  consuming  our 
own  time  and  perhaps  wounding  their  feelings  without  the 
least  beneficial  issue,  I  have  no  wish  to  engage  in  the  under- 
taking. Allow  me  now  for  a  moment  to  refer  to  the  speech 
we  have  just  heard  delivered  by  our  friend  Mr.  Jones.  It 
would  not  be  possible  to  go  through  half  his  arguments  at 
present ;  nor  does  it  signify  that  they  are  not  all  now  re- 
futed, because  they  will  doubtless  be  successfully  met  on 
another  and  similar  occasion ;  I  would  merely  speak  of  the 
fears  he  so  often  expressed  throughout  his  speech.  He 
thought,  he  said,  with  the  writer  of  a  letter  that  he  had 


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122        EXERCISE  ON  THE  REPORTING  LOGOGRAPHS. 


been  reading  in  the  Daily  News,  that  our  proposed  scheme 
was  one  for  cultivating  the  mind  exclusively,  without  pay- 
ing due  attention  to  the  body,  and  the  creature  comforts  and 
necessities  of  life.  This  was  the  special  object  of  his  ani- 
madversion, if  I  did  not  mistake  the  tenor  of  his  address. 
Now  the  difference  between  us  seems  to  be  this;  he  is  fear- 
ful, as  he  has  himself  stated,  that  sufficient  consideration 
should  not  be  bestowed  on  men's  physical  wants ;  we,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  under  an  equal  apprehension,  lest  while  we 
study  men's  bodily  necessities,  we  care  not  enough  for  their 
souls.  Truly  we  need  to  watch  narrowly  and  closely  over 
men's  temporal  welfare,  ac.d  for  my  own  part  I  will  not 
yield  to  any  in  my  desire  to  see  it  promoted ;  but  I  confess 
I  would  rather  that  the  body  perished  than  that  the  mind 
should  be  degraded  and  enslaved.  The  one  is  outward  and 
temporary;  the  other,  inward  and  eternal.  Every  intel- 
ligent. Christian  knows  that  the  internal  is  of  far  higher 
importance  than  the  external,  and  that  the  one  exists  for 
and  should  be  subordinate  to,  the  other.  Such  is  the  nature 
of  the  union  between  them.  This  truth,  indeed,  is  univer- 
sally believed  in  theory,  but  is  it  not  virtually  denied  in 
practice?  It  is  impossible  not  to  see  that  the  manners, 
actions,  and  customs  of  the  present  generation  are  external 
and  worldly  in  the  extreme.  We  say,  then,  we  do  not  so 
much  want  to  bid  man  to  take  care  of  the  outward  casket  — 
for  that  he  is  at  all  times  willing  to  do  —  as  to  direct  his 
attention  to  the  treasure  within.  I  quite  concur,  however, 
in  Mr.  Jones's  remarks  on  the  punishment  of  children.  A 
proud,  disobedient  child,  needs  punishment ;  but  it  will  never 
be  administered  aright  until  it  is  seen  that  its  real  object 
is  the  reformation  of  the  character,  and  until  we  cease  to 
connect  it  with  vindictive  feelings.  As  to  intellectual  edu- 
cation, remember  it  does  not  consist  in  a  mere  knowledge 
of  the  dead  languages,  as  a  past  age  seemed  to  think. 
While  tbese  are  eminently  useful,  literature,  philosophy,  sci- 
ence, art,  ought  not  to  be  neglected;  they  are  branches  of 


124  EXERCISE    ON    THE    REPORTING    LOGOGRAPHS. 


knowledge  which  will  be  found  essential,  at  any  rate  highly 
useful,  in  after  life,  however  mean  the  trade  or  occupation 
that  may  be  followed  :  till  these  are  properly  cultivated,  till 
it  is  seen  that  without  them  mental  education  is  incomplete, 
we  shall  have  made  but  little  satisfactory  progress.  We 
have  seen  a  providential  crisis;  let  us  avail  ourselves  of  it; 
if  it  had  not  occurred,  we  might  ere  now  have  had  occasion 
to  weep  over  the  miseries  which  would  have  been  entailed 
upon  us.  The  ladies  I  would  particularly  exhort  to  be  faith- 
ful to  this  movement.  Every  right  minded  woman,  if  she 
examine  our  cause,  must  feel  herself  more  or  less  identified 
with  it.  It  is  a  cause,  I  am  persuaded,  on  which  the  salva- 
tion of  society  itself  depends,  more  than  on  the  greatest 
revolution  that  can  be  effected  in  its  external  organization, 
or  on  any  laws  that  man  can  enact.  It  is  a  cause  catholic 
and  unsectarian  in  its  nature,  being  connected  with  no  par- 
ticular religious  denomination,  and  having  the  promotion  of 
the  glory  of  God  and  the  welfare  of  man  as  its  great  objects. 
Whether  these  shall  be  accomplished  depends  much  upon  the 
efforts  you  put  forth.  Be  generous,  then,  and  benevolent; 
do  all  in  your  power  to  aid  us.  Imitate  your  Savior,  who 
"  went  about  doing  good,"  and  who  has  not  withheld  from 
you  any  blessing  that  you  needed.  I  thank  you  for  the  at- 
tention which  you  have  paid  me;  and,  in  conclusion  let  me 
say  to  each  one  here,  in  the  dying  words  of  a  fellow  towns- 
man to  his  son,  when  he  saw  him  for  the  last  time — '-The 
cause  of  mercy  to  which  thou  hast  committed  thyself  will, 
I  hope  prosper ;  but  if  not,  whosesoever  the  fault  may  be,  I 
pray  thee  let  it  not  be  thine." 


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126 

GOOD    AND    BAD    SPEAKING. 


There  are  two  classes  of  speakers  whom  it  is  difficult  to 
report  verbatim.  The  first  is  the  speaker  whose  speech  is 
not  worth  listening  to,  and  who  cannot  therefore  secure  the 
attention  of  his  audience ;  the  second  is  he  whose  speech  is 
so  full  of  interest  as  to  absorb  not  only  the  attention  of  the 
auditory,  but  the  interest  and  sympathy  of  the  reporter.  A 
correspondent  at  Washington  gives  an  illustration  of  a 
speaker  of  the  first  class. 

"  Congress  is  engaged  in  the  same  melancholy,  wordy  war- 
fare which  has  characterized  its  proceedings  ever  since  any 
of  us  can  remember.  Its  chief  function  has  long  since 
ceased  to  be  —  if  indeed  it  ever  wag  —  to  despatch  the 
business  of  the  nation.  Only  think  of  it!  Here  are  four  to 
six  speeches  a  day,  each  an  hour  long,  in  the  House  alone. 
The  one  hour  rule  is  a  priceless  rule  —  and  yet  some  mem- 
ber actually  moved  to-day  that  it  be  suspended  during  the 
progress  of  this  debate!  It  is  the  only  salvation  the  country 
has,  the  sole  barrier  interposed  between  the  deluge  of  talk 
and  the  devoted  people — and  yet  they  want  to  sweep  it 
away.  Without  it  we  should  be  set  adrift  on  a  shoreless 
sea  of  stump  oratory  —  every  individual  member  would  talk 
from  two  to  six  hours,  if  he  could  get  the  floor,  and  some 
of  them,  once  started,  would  never  dry  up.  It  is  very  curi- 
ous to  witness  the  method  of  making  speeches  which  chiefly 
prevails  here.  First,  the  Honorable  member  for  Buncombe 
writes  his  speech.  This  is  easjr.  Then  he  devises  means 
for  its  delivery.  This  is  not  so  easy.  He  lies  in  wait  for 
the  Speaker's  eye  —  gets  up  little  ambushes,  and  sudden 
starts,  and  surprising  exclamatory  tones  of  voice — all  aim- 
ed to  secure  that  darling  goal  of  his  ambition,  "  getting 
the  floor."  The  floor  once  secured,  for  that  day  or  the  next, 
he  fortifies  himself  for  a  long  campaign  He  imports  from 
that  inexhaustible  limbo  of  Congressional  documents,  a  small 


127 


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GOOD    AND    BAD    SPEAKING. 


pile  of  volumes  of  Congressional  Globes  or  Reports,  with 
which  he  erects  a  fortification  on  his  desk.  On  the  top  of 
this  pile  he  places  his  manuscript,  while  from  behind  the 
rampart  he  discharges  his  elocution  and  gesticulation.  Be- 
side the  rampart,  one  of  those  dancing  little  Pucks  of  pages 
places  a  glass  of  water,  with  which  the  honorable  member 
for  Buncombe  ever  and  anon  moistens  his  whistle.  And  so 
it  goes  on  —  the  long  screed  lasts  an  hour  —  hard  reading 
—  and  then  if  the  honorable  member  for  Buncombe  is  not 
through,  some  kind  fellow-member,  conscious  of  his  own 
impending  wants  in  the  same  direction,  moves  that  he  have 
ten  minutes  to  finish  his  speech  !  At  the  end  of  the  ten 
minutes  he  has  probably  not  got  to  "  Amen,"  but  the  in- 
exorable hammer  falls,  and  cuts  short  a  peroration  which 
wastes  its  sweetness  on  —  to-morrow's  Globe. 

Now  and  then,  there  are  members  who  break  through  this 
stereotyped  essay  reading,  and  talk  extemporaneously.  But 
there  are  seldom  so  many  as  half  a  dozen  really  capable  and 
entertaining  speakers  in  any  one  House  of  Representatives. 
These  are  listened  to  attentively — often  very  eagerly;  but 
the  others — if  heaven  had  not  deprived  them,  among  other 
things,  of  a  sensitive  mind,  how  would  they  groan  inward- 
ly at  the  woful  and  wilful  inattention  and  irreverence  of 
of  their  audience!  Half  the  members  regularly  out  of  their 
seats,  if  not  out  of  the  House,  half  the  remainder  bending 
over  their  desks  intensely  occupied  in  writing  letters  of 
business  or  friendship,  and  of  the  small  remainder  —  scarce 
half  a  dozen  pay  sufficient  attention  to  the  orator  to  so  much 
as  look  at  him.  Were  it  not  for  the  Speaker,  and  report- 
ers, many  speeches  might  just  as  well  be  spoken  in  the 
quiet  domestic  solitude  of  the  honorable  member  for  Bun- 
combe, as  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington.'1 

Another  correspondent  furnishes  us  with  an  illustration  of 
the  rarer  class  of  speakers  —  the  effective  ones. 

"  I  heard  the  speech  of  throughout,  and  never  listened 

with  such  deep  interest,  and  to  few,  if  any,  with  so  much 


130  GOOD    AND    BAD    SPEAKING. 

emotion.  It  was  difficult  to  restrain  one's  self  from  tears, 
when  at  the  allusion  of to  the  great  men  of  the  coun- 
try now  dead  and  gone,  and  at  his  vivid  portrayal  of  the 
horrors  and  evils  of  dissolution  and  civil  war,  we  saw  the 

venerable  Senator  0 ,  who  sat  directly  in    front  of , 

shedding  tears,  and  finally,  overcome  by  his  feelings,  cover 
his  face  with  his  handkerchief  and  bow  his  head  in  order 
to  conceal  his  emotions.  Nearly  every  Senator  on  both  sides 
was  in  his  seat,  no  man  was  as  usual  engaged  in  writing 
letters,  no  one  called  for  pages,  no  one  answered  messages, 
but  every  Senator  sat  with  his  eyes  intently  fixed  upon  the 
orator's  face  and  gesture,  and  every  ear  in  the  vast  assem- 
bly was  strained  to  catch  his  every  word.  There  have  been 
but  few  such  scenes  witnessed  in  the  United  States  Senate. 
The  occasion,  the  subject,  the  hour  and  the  man,  all  con- 
spired to  make  this  the  event  of  this  session  thus  far." 


131 


/"°        N         N^,         , 


Jan.  1861 


132 

SIGNALS  AND  SYSTEMS  OF  WRITING: 

ANCIENT  AND  MODERN. 
BY  HEPWORTH  Dixox. 

1.  The  history  of  those  discoveries  in  science,  by  the  ap- 
plication of  which  human  power  is  increased,  and  the  progress 
of  the  race  accelerated  —  at  least  in  one  direction  —  is  always 
interesting  to  those  whose  look  is  forward.     The  improvements 
in  the  means  of  intellectual   advancement  are   peculiarly  so; 
and  of  these,  language,  and  the  modes  of  its  communication, 
are  in  every  respect  the  most  significant  and  important.    With- 
out these  arts,  it  is  fearful  to   think   what  would  have  been 
the  condition  of  the  world.     As  the  instrument  of  all  thought 
—  the  medium  of  all  science,  language  is   not  only  an  essen- 
tial to  civilization,  but  its  basis.     Without   a   system    of  inter- 
communication,   indefinitely    expansive   and    improvable,    the 
progress  of  the  race  would  be  impossible.     To  be  lasting,  im- 
provement must  be  equable  and  uniform. 

2.  The  history  of  language,  and  the  modes  of  its  represent- 
ation is  the  history  of  civilization.  The  different  stages  through 
which  these  arts  have  passed,  have  made   the   grand    epochs 
of  history.    The  invention  of  writing,  or  the  Egyptian  method 
of  symbolising    thought,  —  the    discovery   of  the    alphabetic 
system,  or  sound  writing,  which  the  Hellenes    perfected,   (so 
far  as  it  has  been  perfected,) — and  the  adaptation  of  movable 
types  to  the  purposes  of  printing,    mark   the    three    grandest 
eras  of  merely  human  endeavor  for  advancement  —  eras    infi- 
nitely more  important,  and.   to  healthy  minds,    more    historic 
and  imposing,  than  those  indicated  in   the  track  of  the   past 
by  conquests  and  their  attendant  sufferings. 

3.  A  period  must  have  existed  when  the    art   of  writing 
was  entirely  unknown.     This  is  the  case  at  some  of  the  South 
Sea  islands  in  our  own  day.     The   missionary  Williams    de- 
scribes the  perplexity  and  astonishment  of  the  natives,  at  his 
writing  some  black  lines  on  a  bit  of  chip,  and  sending  them 
to  his  wife,  who  thereon  returned  him  some  tools  which   he 


133 


,     ,       I       V)     .     < 


134  SIGNALS    AND    SYSTEMS. 

had  requested.  The  power  of  endowing  a  chip  with  intell- 
igence, struck  them  with  awe.  They  at  once  ascribed  it  to 
supernatural  agency.  And  however  simple  and  common-place 
this  process  seems  to  one  nurtured  in  the  high  civilization 
of  Europe,  it  was  probably  the  most  wonderful  evidence  of 
the  missionary's  superiority  to  the  uncultivated  aborigines 
which  he  could  have  displayed.  But  if  this  faculty  of  talking 
to  his  family  at  the  distance  of  a  mile,  excited  their  curiosity 
and  reverence  for  his  superior  power,  what  would  they  think 
of  a  man  conversing  with  his  friends  in  England — as  would 
certainly  be  possible  through  the  electric  telegraph,  were  one 
laid  down — thousands  of  miles  away,  through  a  bit  of  wire? 
Like  the  Pre-Assyrian  nations  of  antiquity,  the  islanders  pos- 
sess no  means  of  transmitting  a  message,  except  verbally. 
The  difference  between  their  condition  and  ours,  is  the  a- 
mount  of  progress  made  in  the  art  of  writing,  and  the  mode 
of  its  communication  from  a  period  little  antecedent  to  the 
age  of  Homer  down  to  ours.  We  may  notice  that  contrivances 
were  adopted  for  a  more  speedy  transmission  of  intelligence 
than  by  the  fleetest  couriers,  long  before  the  dawn  of  the 
historical  period.  Fire  signals  were  used  by  the  Hellenes  in 
the  earliest  times.  One  of  the  grandest  of  the  Greek  trag- 
edies opens  with  a  scene  on  a  watch  tower,  occupied  by  a 
watcher  whose  eyes  are  directed  towards  the  beleagured  Ilion 
—  from  which  a  chain  of  signals  on  the  mountain  heights 
had  been  prepared.  He  had  strained  his  sight  in  vain  for  ten 
long  years.  At  length  the  long  expected  signal  appears.  It 
is  night ;  and  the  ruddy  flame  shoots  up  against  the  dark  sky 
and  the  black  summits  of  the  mountains  beyond  —  and  the 
important  announcement  is  made,  that  Troy  has  fallen.  With 
some  modification,  the  fire  signal  continued  in  use  until  a 
comparatively  recent  period.  England  is  covered  with  emi- 
nences which  are  crowned  with  the  remains  of  ancient  beacons, 
or  with  traditions  of  their  existence  there  in  the  middle  age. 
But  this  method  was  exceedingly  inartificial  in  character,  and 
vague  and  general  in  expression.  Only  one  idea  could  be  so 
transmitted  —  and  that  only  according  to  u  previous  arrange- 
ment. The  sign  and  its  signification  had  to  be  determined 


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136  SIGNALS    AND    SYSTEMS. 

beforehand;  a  thing  possible  only  with  an  event  long  expected, 
and  to  which  the  general  attention  was  pointed.  Subsequent- 
ly, rockets  came  into  use.  Their  number  introduced  a  new 
.element  into  the  system  —  for  the  moment  the  signal  became 
complex,  expressing  more 'than  one  idea,  it  became  a  system. 
The  problem  was,  to  make  the  signal  explain  itself  on  the 
instant,  so  that  sudden  and  unexpected  events  might  be  com- 
municated by  it.  The  Semaphore,  and  other  modern  contriv- 
ances, in  part  realized  this:  but  they  were  still  comparatively 
slow  in  operation ;  and  were,  moreover,  subject  to  stoppage 
at  night  and  in  dark  weather,  and  to  other  disadvantages. 
The  electric  telegraph  is  wonderfully  free  from  all  the  ordin- 
ary impediments.  It  can  be  worked  in  shine  or  shade  —  at 
night  or  day  —  with  equal  certainty.  Of  all  the  modes  of 
communicating  the  symbols  of  thought,  it  is  at  once  the 
cheapest,  the  most  rapid,  and  the  most  unerring.  In  the  fu- 
ture, it  may  perhaps  supersede  postal  correspondence  to  a  very 
considerable  extent.  Instead  of  writing  letters,  men  of  bus- 
iness, distant  friends,  or  others,  may  resort  at  stated  times 
to  the  termini  of  the  electric  wires,  and  signalling  to  each 
other,  write  their  thoughts,  and  get  answers  in  a  space  of 
time  incredibly  short.  It  is  inconceivable,  and  certainly  un- 
necessary, that  mankind  should  ever  discover  a  swifter  channel 
of  communication  than  this:  would  that  all  their  powers,  mor- 
al, intellectual,  and  material,  were  co-ordinated  with  it! 

4.  Such    is  the  progress   made  in  the  art  of  transmitting 
the  symbols  of  ideas  in  about   three   thousand  years  —  from 
the   fire   signal   to   the   electric   telegraph !     Let   us   now   see 
what  we  have   done  in  the  other   division  of  the  art  —  that 
of  perfecting  the  symbols. 

5.  First  of  all,  written    language  was   undoubtedly  hiero- 
glyphic—  that  is,  it  consisted  of  a  series  of  pictures  of  thought: 
specimens  of  which  occur  on  all  the  architectural  and  sculp- 
tural remains  of  ancient  Egypt.     This  was  the  earliest  dispen- 
sation   under  the  written  law.     The   system    required  a  sign, 
or   picture,  for   every  idea,  and,  therefore,  only  adapted  to  a 
period  when  ideas  were  comparatively  few  in  number,  or  to 
a  people  stationary  in  civilization.     As  ideas  increased  in  num- 


138  SIGNALS    AND    SYSTEMS. 


her  and  variety,  the  symbols  became  too  numerous  for  the 
memory  to  retain,  and  consequently  any  considerable  ac- 
cession of  knowledge  became  impossible  with  so  faulty  an 
instrument  for  its  expression  and  conservation. 

6.  Then   some   happy   mortal  —  or   immortal,  as   tradition 
avouches, —  conceived  the  idea  of  transferring  the  symbol,  or 
picture,  from  the    thought  to  the   sound,  which   represented  it 
in  speech.     This  is  a   fine,  but  yet  complicated   process,  and 
so  obviously  out  of  the  way  of  self-suggestion,  that  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  it  arose  subsequently  to  the  other.     Yet  it 
is  impossible  to  give  its  date ;  it  certainly,  however,  belongs 
to  a  period  of  the  remotest  antiquity.      We  learn  from  a  pas- 
sage   in   Diodorus   Siculus,    that   both   the    hieroglyphic    and 
the   alphabetic  systems  of  writing  were  known  to  the  Egyp- 
tian priests :  he  informs  us  further,  that  they  kept  the  secrets 
of  their  caste  and  creed  in  the  former,  on  account  of  the  great 
difficulty  of  acquiring  and  retaining  it  in  the  memory.     This 
substitution  of  phono-graphy,  or  sound-writing,  for  idea-graphy, 
or  thought-writing,  was   the   grandest   revolution   ever  intro- 
duced  into   the   arena  of  human    effort.      The   latter   system 
•was  unquestionably  prevalent  throughout  the  east,  before  the 
former  came  into  use:  in  the  mighty  regions  of  Eastern  Asia, 
China,  and  its  dependencies,  it  flourishes  —  or  should  we  not 
rather  say,  it  stagnates  —  at  the  present  hour.     The  intellect- 
ual  contrast  between    Europe    and    China  —  the    progressive 
civilization  and   conquering   science  of  the  one,  and   the  sta- 
tionary intellect  and   political   insignificance   of  the   other, — 
is  not  an  unfair  measure  of  the  relative   power  of  the   two 
instruments  for  furthering  the  lofty  ends  and  equitable  aims 
of  society. 

7.  Thought  has  infinite  aspects.     Each  thought,  too,  is  el- 
ementary;   and   no    analysis    can  ever  reduce   it    to  a   more 
primitive  system  of  roots.     Bishop  Wilkins  in   modern   times 
endeavoured  to  make  such  an  analysis;  but  his  attempt  was 
a   signal  failure.     His  roots  were  too  numerous   for   common 
use,  and   yet  not   accurate    enough   for   science.     Other   ana- 
lyzers  have  met  with    similar   ill   success.         But   the   same 
remark   does   not  apply  to   sound,  for  although   it   admits   of 


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140  '       SIHXALS    AND    SYSTKMS. 

almost  infinite  combination,  its  radical  elements  are  very  few 
indeed.  These  elements  would  alone  require  representatives; 
and  their  combinations  would  yet  express  every  variety  of 
vocal  utterance  of  which  the  human  organs  are  capable.  The 
basis  of  the  system  was  therefore  eminently  simple.  This 
the  inventor  of  the  alphabet  comprehended;  and,  having  ob- 
tained the  best  analysis  of  sound  that  he  could,  contrived 
forms  —  probably  from  the  ancient  collection  of  thought-pic- 
tures—  to  represent  each  radical  element.  The  alphabet,  or 
phonetic  system,  was  then  complete.  Probably  no  attempt 
was  then  made  to  obtain  the  simplest  and  most  easily  formed 
signs  for  the  representation  of  these  sounds:  their  want  could 
not  at  first  be  felt;  and  when  it  was  afterwards  experienced, 
the  system,  although  defective,  was  generally  accepted,  and 
a  change,  even  for  the  better,  became  difficult.  Indeed  little 
has  been  done  from  that  day  to  this  towards  establishing  a 
scientific  symbolization  of  language.  The  Greeks  adopted 
their  alphabet  from  the  Phoenicians;  the  Latins  borrowed 
theirs  from  the  Greeks;  the  northern  conquerors  of  Rome 
seized  upon  the  letters  of  the  vanquished,  as  a  part  of  the 
spoil;  and  with  little  alteration,  adapted  them  to  the  expres- 
sion of  their  barbarous  tongues.  The  original  defects  were 
thus  transmitted  from  one  age  and  nation  to  another;  and 
to  these  were  added  faults  of  omission  and  commission  in- 
numerable. The  result  is  before  us.  Modern  English  in  its 
representation's  considerably  less  scientific, —  less  true  to  the 
alphabetic  theory  on  which  it  professes  to  be  based,  than  the 
ancient  Greek  was;  and  every  year  its  tendency  to  return 
to  the  hieroglyphic  type,  becomes  more  and  more  apparent. 
This  is  a  matter  of  profound  interest  to  the  progressionist; 
the  arrestation  of  this  backward  tendency  is  a  work  which 
challenges  his  prompt  attention  and  commands  his  most  earn- 
est efforts. 

8.  The  Phoenicians,  Egyptians,  and  Hellenes,  used  the  same 
character  —  one  exceedingly  tedious  and  difficult  to  form  — 
in  their  books  and  correspondence,  on  their  coins,  and  in 
their  manuscripts.  That  this  mode  of  writing  must  have 
been  slow  in  the  extreme,  is  obvious  from  the  complicated 


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142  SIGNALS    AXU    SYSTEMS. 

forms  of  their  letters :  from  this  difficulty  arose  the  practice 
of  using  abbreviations  —  common  on  coins  and  in  old  manu- 
scripts. Yet  even  this  method  was  cumbrous.  The  hand, 
especially  in  composition,  feels  an  instinctive  impulse  to  keep 
pace  with  the  thoughts.  Various  system?  have  been  proposed, 
by  which  the  ordinary  disparity  betwixt  the  powers  of  cxjres- 
sion  and  its  symbolization,  might  be  lessened.  The.se  have 
been  expressively  termed  '-short  hand,"  or  rapid  hand.  Tl.e 
oldest  system  is  that  invented  by  Tyro,  a  freedman  of  Cic- 
ero's, who  taught  it  to  his  amanuenses:  and  such  was  the  skill 
which  they  acquired  by  constant  practice,  that  it  is  as.-trted 
they  could  make  verbatim  reports  of  speeches.  They  were 
often  employed  by  Cicero  to  report  speeches  of  eminent  plead- 
ers, or  of  politicians,  for  his  private  use.  The  fine  oration 
which  Cato  delivered  on  the  subject  of  the  Catiline  conspiracy 
is  said,  by  Plutarch,  to  have  been  reported  in  this  way,  and 
so  handed  down  to  po-terity.  Valerius  Martial  refers  to  these 
notaries  in  a  well  known  verse.  Ausonius  speaks  of  a  boy 
who  could  write  down  a  speech  by  a  few  simple  marks, 
while  in  process  of  delivery.  But  this  art  was  lost  for  a 
great  length  of  time.  In  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, an  ancient  manuscript  by  Hygenus,  was  discovered  in 
Dacia,  written  in  the  abbreviated  style.  It  was  beautifully 
written;  but,  of  course,  unintelligible  to  the  learning  of  that 
period.  At  length  the  celebrated  Pietro  Bembo  succeeded  in 
deciphering  it.  His  letter  to  Pope  Julius  II.  announcing  the 
discovery,  is  still  extant,  and  it  contains  some  curious  par- 
ticulars respecting  the  art.  Since  that  time,  a  great  number 
of  systems  have  been  offered  to  the  world;  but  the  same 
fault  has  characterized  them  all :  they  have  been,  like  the 
method  of  Tyro  that  suggested  them,  purely  arbitrary.  Tl  ey 
have  been  eminently  inflexible  and  unscientific:  too  difficult 
for  daily  use,  and  too  little  systematic  to  satisfy  the  Pho- 
netic reformer.  In  fact  the  invention  of  a  satisfactory  method 
of  symbolization  was  one  of  incalculable  difficulty,  and  it  was 
only  natural  that  many  failures  should  precede  it. 

9.  The   great   problem  to   be  resolved  in  the  construction 
of  a  philosophic  system  of  writing,  was  this:  to  discover  the 


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143 


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144  SYSTEMS. 

eiementary  sounds  of  which  our  current  language  is  composed, 
to  arrange  those  elementary  sounds  in  their  natural  order, 
and,  from  the  elementary  geometric  forms,  to  extract  such 
simple  lines,  points  and  curves,  as,  while  they  bore  a  sug- 
gestive resemblance  to  the  sounds  they  were  intended  to 
represent,  should,  when  combined,  constitute  a  system  of  no- 
tation, rigidly  scientific  in  principle,  unerring  in  expression, 
brief  and  facile  in  manipulation,  and  yet  indefinitely  expan- 
sible and  improvable  in  character.  This  problem  has  been 
apparently  resolved  by  Mr.  Isaac  Pitman.  A  happy  inspi- 
ration led  him  to  reject  the  Roman  alphabet  as  inadequate  to 
represent  the  sounds  occurring  in  the  pronunciation  of  the 
English  language,  and  to  revert  to  the  idea  of  the  first  in- 
ventor of  the  alphabet — the  discovery  of  the  elementary 
sounds,  and  the  selection  of  an  appropriate  sign  for  each. 

10.  The  economical  element  which  distinguishes  Mr.  Pit- 
man's art,  however  important  it  may  be,  is  not  the  one  that 
has  the  greatest  attraction  for  the  disciples  of  progress.  Its 
more  valuable  attribute  is,  that  it  at  once  checks  the  before 
noted  tendency  of  the  language  towards  the  hieroglyphic  type 
—  establishes  on  acoustics,  geometry,  and  anatomy,  the  firm 
basis  of  a  philosophical  alphabet  of  nature,  adapted  to  all  the 
world :  and  therefore,  the  centre  of  a  universal  language  — 
that  grand  desideratum,  to  which  the  attention  of  mankind 
should  ever  be  directed.  This  is  the  great  contribution  which 
it  makes  to  the  cause  of  human  progression. 


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THE  GrALLEBY. 


BY  CHARLES  J.  GRATTON. 


"In  shorthand  skilled,  where  little  marks  comprise 
Whole  words  — a  sentence  in  a  letter  lies." 

—  Creech. 

[This  interesting  chapter  from  Mr.  Gratton's  work  entitled 
The  Gallery,  on  the  legislative  use  of  shorthand  in  England, 
and  the  admirable  sketch  of  the  delights  of  "  mastering 
stenography,"  will  be  read  with  interest  by  Phonographer?.] 

1.  The  qualifications  required  in  a  good  reporter  are  various, 
and  they  are  not  so  easy  of  attainment  as  is  generally  sup- 
posed.    In  the  first  place,    a  man    who   pretends   to    be    an 
ornament  to  his  profession,  must  be  a  good  shorthand-writer. 
There  are  certainly  many  excellent    persons    in    the    Gallery, 
•who  use  abbreviated  longhand,  but  still  a  quicker    mode   of 
note    taking    is    in  general    desirable,    and,   in   many   cases, 
absolutely    nececssary,    unless  the  reporter    rs    favored    with 
an  extraordinary    memory.     Some  persons  have  been  known 
lo    supply    a    column    of  a    newspaper,    and    that    even    on 
financial  questions,  in  which    figures   form  the  bulk,  entirely 
from    the  exercise   of  memory,  no  notes  having   been  taken ; 
but    these  are    rare  instances. 

2.  At  the    present    day,  unless  a    man    be    a    genius,    he 
must    have    a    knowledge  of  shorthand  to  be   a    parliament- 
ary reporter;   for  often   enough  we  read  the  ipsissima  verba  of 
a  "crack"  speaker  reported  in  the  first  person,  and  that  just 
as  though  we  could  hear    the    very    words    drop    from    the 
speaker's  lips  —  words  which  the  swiftest    lonrrhanrl    in    the 

163 


164  THE   GALLERY. 


world  aided  by  a  good  memory  would  be  unable  to  report 
correctly.  There  are  many  systems  of  shorthand  in  use, 
of  more  or  less  ability.  Some  use  Gurney's,  some  Taylor's, 
and  many  Pitman's  Phonography. 

3.  As  many  of  the   persons  who  will  peruse  this  book  will 
probably  like  to   know    how  the  stenographic  art    is    to    be 
attained,  it  will  not  perhaps  be  amiss  if  we  give  an    extract 
from    David    Copperfield,    in    which    Charles    Dickens,    who 
was  one  of  the  most  able  Reporters    that    ever    sat    in    the 
gallery,    enters   fully    into    the    subject.     In    all    probability 
he  had   his    own    experience    in  his  eye    when  he  wrote  it. 

4.  "The  first  subject  on  which  I  had  to  consult  Traddles  was 
this;  I  had  heard  that  many  men    distinguished    in    various 
pursuits  had  begun  life  by    reporting    the    debates    in    Par- 
liament.    Traddles  having  mentioned  newspapers   to    me    as 
one  of  his  hopes,    I    had    put    the    two    together,    and    told 
Traddles  in  my  letter,  that  I  wished  to  know  how    I    could 
qualify  myself  in  this  pursuit.     Traddles  now  informed    me, 
as  the  result  of  his  inquiries,  that  the  mechanical  acquisition 
necessary  (except  in  rare  cases)  for  thorough    excellence    in 
it,  that  is  to    say,  a    perfect    and    entire    command    of    the 
mystery  of  shorthand  writing  and  reading,  was  about   equal 
in  difficulty  to  the  mastery  of  six  languages,  and    that    per- 
haps it  might  be  attained  by   dint    of    perseverance    in    the 
course  of  a  few    years.     Traddles   reasonably    supposed    that 
this  would  settle  the  business;  but  I,  only  feeling  that  here 
indeed  were  a  few  tall  trees  to  be  hewn  down,  immediately 
resolved  to  work  my  way  on  to  Dora  through  this    thicket. 
axe  in  hand.     'I  am  much  obliged  to  you  my  dear  Traddles,' 
said  I,   'I'll  begin  to-morrow.' 

5.  "Traddles  looked   astonished    as    he  well  might,  but  he 
had  no  notion  as  yet  of  my  rapturous   condition. 

6.  " '  I'll  buy  a  book,'  said  I,  '  with  a  good  scheme  of  this 
art  in  it.     I'll  work  at  it  at  the  [Doctors']  Commons    where 
T  haven't  half  enough  to  do.     Ill  take  down  the  speeches  of 
our  conrt  for  practice.     T  raddles  my  dear  fellow  T'll  master  it. 


THE    GALLERY.  165 


7.  "I  did  not  allow  my  resolution  with  respect  to  parliamen- 
tary debates  to  cool  :  it  was  one  of    the    irons    I    began    to 
boat  immediately,  and   one    of    the    irons    I    kept    hot,  and 
hammered  at  with  a  perseverance    I    may    honestly    admire. 
I  bought  an   improved  scheme  of  the  noble  art  and  mystery 
of  stenography,    (  which    cost    me    ten    and    sixpence,)    and 
plunged  into  a  sea  of  perplexity  that  brought  me  in    a    few 
weeks  to  the  confines  of  distraction.     The  changes  that  were 
rung  upon  dots,  which    in    such    a    position    meant    such  a 
thing,  and  in  such  another  position  something  else    entirely 
different;  the  wonderful  vagaries  that  were  played  by  circles, 
the   unaccountable    consequences    that    resulted    from  marks 
like  flies'  legs,  the  tremendous    effects    of    a    curve    in    the 
wrong  place,  not  only  troubled  my    waking    hours,  but    re- 
appeared before  me  in  my   sleep. 

8.  "When  I   had    groped  my  way  blindly    through    these 
difficulties,  and  had  mastered  the    alphabet,    which    was    an 
Egyptian    Temple  itself,    there    then    appeared    a    procession 
of  new  horrors  called  arbitrary  characters,  the    most    despotic 
of    characters    I    have    ever    known,    who   insisted,    for    in- 
stance, a  thing  like  the  beginning  of  a  cobweb  meant  expecta- 
tion, and  a   pen   and   ink    sky-rocket  stood  for   advantageous. 
When  I  had  fixed   these  wretches  in  my  mind,  I  found  that 
they  had  driven  everything  else    out    of    it:  then  beginning 
again,  I  forgot  them ;  while  I   was  picking  them  up  I  drop- 
ped   the    other    fragments    of    the    system:    in  fact    it    was 
almost  heartbreaking. 

9.  "It  might  have  been  quite   heartbreaking  but    for  Dora, 
who  was  the  stay  and  anchor  of  my  tempest-driven  bark.    Each 
scratch  in  the  scheme  was  a  gnarled  oak    in    the    forest    of 
difficulty,  and  I    went    on    cutting    them    down,    one    after 
another,  with  such  vigor,  that   in    three    or   four    months    I 
was  in  a  condition   to  make  an  experiment    on    one    of    our 
crack  speakers  in     the    [Doctors']    Commons.     Shall     I    ever 
forget  how  the  crack  speaker  walked  off  from   me    before   I 


166  THE    GALLERY. 


began,  and  left    my    imbecile    pencil    staggering    about  the 
paper  as  if  it  were  in  a  fit  ? 

10.  "  This  would  not  do,  it  was  quite  dear.     I  was  flying 
too  high,  and  should  never  get  on  so.     I  resorted  to  Traddles 
for  advice,  who    suggested  he  should  dictate  speeches  to  me 
at  a  pace  and  with  occasional  stoppages,  adapted  to  my  weak- 
ness.    Very  grateful  for  this  friendly  aid,  I  accepted  the  pro- 
posal, and,  night  after  night,  almost    every  night  for  a  long 
time,  we  had  a  sort  of   private    parliament  in    Buckingham 
street,  after  I  came  home  from  the  Doctors'. 

11.  "I  should  like  to  see  such  a  Parliament  anywhere  else! 
My  Aunt  and  Mr.  Dick  represented  the  Government   or    the 
opposition,  (as  the  case  might  be,)  and  Traddles,    with    the 
assistance  of  Enfield's  speaker,  or  a  volume  of  Parliamentary 
orations,    thundered    astonishing    invectives    against     them. 
Standing  by  the  table,  with  his  finger  on  the  page  to   keep 
the  place,  and  his  right    arm    flourishing    above    his    head, 
Traddles,  as  Mr.  Pitt,  Mr.   Fox,    Mr.    Sheridan,    Mr.    Burke, 
Lord    Castlereagh,    Viscount    Sidmouth,    or    Mr.    Channing, 
would  work  himself  into  the  most  violent  heats,    and   deliver 
the  most  withering  denunciations  of  profligacy  and  corruption 
of  my  aunt  and  Mr.  Dick,  while  I  used  to  sit  at  a  little  dis- 
tance with  my  note-book  on    my    knee,    fagging    after    him 
with  all  my  might  and  main.     The  inconsistency  and    reck- 
lessness of  Traddles  were  not  to    be    exceeded    by   any    real 
politician.     He  was  for     any    description    of   policy    in    the 
compass  of  a  week,  and  nailed  all  sorts    of   colors    to  every 
denomination  of  mast.     My  aunt,  looking  like    an    immove- 
able  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  would  occasionally   throw 
in  an  interruption  or  two,  as  '  hear,'  or  '  no,'  or  '  oh,'  when 
the  text  seemed  to  require  it,  which    was    always   a    signal 
to  Mr.  Dick  (  a  perfect  country-gentleman,)  to  follow  lustily 
with  the  same    cry.     But    Mr.    Dick    pot    taxed    with    such 
things  in  the  course  of  his    parliamentary   career,    and    was 
made  responsible    for   such  awful  consequences,  that   he    be- 
came uncomfortable    in  his  mind ;  sometimes,  I    believe,    he 


THE    GALLERY.  167 


actual!)'  began  to  be  afraid  he  had  really  been  doing  some- 
thing tending  to  the  annihilation  of  the  British  constitution 
and  the  ruin  of  the  country. 

12.  "Often  and  often  we  pursued    these  debates,  until  the 
clock  pointed  to  midnight,  and  the  candles  were  burning  down. 
Thp.  result  of  so  much  good    practice  was,  that  by  and  by  I 
begau  u,  «xeep  pace  with    Traddles  pretty     well,  and  should 
have  been  triumphant  quite  had  I  had  the  least  idea  of  what 
my  notes  were  about.     But  as  to  reading  them  after    I    got 
them,  I  might  as  well  have  copied  the  Chinese    inscriptions 
on  an  immense  collection  of  tea-chests,,  or  the  golden  charac- 
ters on  all  the  great  green  and  red  bottles  in  the    chemists' 
shops ! 

13.  "There  was  nothing  for  it  but  to  turn  back  and  begin 
all  over  again.     It  was  very  hard,  but  I  turned  back,  though 
with  a  heavy    heart,    and    began    laboriously    and    method- 
ically to  plod  over  the    same    tedious    ground    at    a    snail's 
pace,  stopping  to  examine  minutely  every  speck  on  the  way 
on  all    sides,    and    making    the    most    desperate    efforts    to 
know  those  illusive    characters    by    sight    whenever    I    met 
them." 

14.  Since  the  time  to  which  this    quotation    refers,    great 
improvements  have  been  made  in  the  stenographic  art.     "\Ve 
may  as    well  just    remark    what    a    surprising    thing    it    is 
that  shorthand   has  so  little  been  adopted  in  general  use    in 
this  country.     "  Shorthand,"  says  Dr.  Johnson,  "  on   account 
of  its  great  and  general    utility,  merits  a  much  higher  rank 
among  the  arts  and  sciences  than  is    commonly    allotted    to 
it.     Its  usefulness  is  not  confined  to  any  particular  science  or 
profession,  but  is  universal;   it  is  therefore  by  no  means  un- 
worthy of  the  attention  and    study    of    men    of    genius  and 
erudition. ' 

15.  From  the  time  of  the  first   introduction    of    shorthand 
into  England  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  to  the  present 
day,  scores  of   systems    have    been    invented,    and    between 
two  and  three  him-Ired  treatises  on  the    subject    have    ncrn 


168  THE    GALLERY. 


published  in  England  alone.  We  live  in  an  age  of  improve- 
ment and  wonder.  We  plough  land,  mow  grass,  thrash 
corn,  and  make  bread  by  steam,  and  manufacture  je  ne  sais 
guoi,  and  sew  shirt-buttons  on  by  machinery.  Still  we  use, 
and  to  a  tremendous  extent,  a  system  of  writing  which 
when  compared  with  a  good  method  of  shorthand  writing  is 
as  inferior  in  speed  as  a  coach  is  to  a  railway  train.  When- 
ever we  put  our  pen  to  paper  we  have  four  or  five  times 
more  labor  than  is  necessary,  and  if  the  public  would  ex- 
ercise a  little  common  sense  and  look  into  the  matter,  they 
would  soon  perceive  the  enormous  loss  of  time  we  would 
save  by  adopting  some  shorter  method  of  writing  than  that 
in  common  use. 

16.  Even  suppose  we  simplified  the  formation  of  each  let- 
ter of  our  alphabet,  we  should  save  a  vast  amount  of  trouble 
and  time.     An  alphabet  might  easily    be    formed    of   simple 
characters  consisting  of  the  different   parts    of    a    square,    a 
circle,  and  an  ellipse.     Take  the  letter  "  m,"  which  requires 
six  or  seven  different  movements  of  the  pen  to   form.     Now 

if  we  can  substitute  a  simple  stroke   such  as or  *••  ~-   in 

the  place  of  these    six  or  seven,  it  is  self-evident  we  should 
be  gainers  by  it.     And  if  such  an  improvement  were  adopt- 
ed throughout  the  alphabet,  a  very  large  proportion    of    the 
time  employed  in  writing  would  be  saved.     Take  for  instance 
one  word,  "commandment,"  which  is  formed  of  between  forty 
and  fifty  different  strokes ;  and  if  we  had  a  single  stroke  of 
the  pen  to  denote  each  letter  we  should  have  eleven  of  them. 
Jn  Pitman's  Phonography,  three  strokes  and   a    dot    express 
the  word. 

17.  Most  systems  of  shorthand  are  founded  on  a  simplifica- 
tion in  the  formation  of  each  letter,  leaving  out    the   vowels 
where  they  are  not    radical,    and    using    certain    marks    or 
symbols  to  indicate  short  sentences  which    are    of     frequent 
occurrence.     Many  indeed  are  so  full  of  perplexing  arbitraries 
and  useless  complicated  contractions,  that    it    is    no    wonder, 
and  we  do  not  regret,  that  they  have  fallen  into  the  regions 


THE    GALLERY.  169 

of  oblivion.  Many  of  them  are  certainly  easy  to  write,  but 
unless  a  man  were  thoroughly  expert  at  it,  and  unless  the 
characters  were  written  with  an  almost  mathematical  precision 
he  might  as  well  try  to  read  the  characters  written  on  the 
tomb  of  Rameses  the  Great. 

18.  A  shorthand,  to  be  a    good    one,    should    be    easy  to 
write  and  easy  to  read.     And  when  a  man  has    accustomed 
himself  to   read    the    shorthand    characters,    which    is    only 
about  as  difficult  as  learning  to  read  the  Greek  or    German 
letters,  he  can  read  a    book    written    in    shorthand    a    deal 
quicker  than  he  could  read  one  written  in  the  Romanic  Style, 
and  for  this  reason.     We  read  "  1859 "  much    quicker    than 
we  can  "  One  thousand   eight   hundred    and    fifty-nine,"  and 
"  £  2  7  6 "  sooner    than  "  Two    pounds,  seven    shillings    and 
sixpence."     The    figures,    being    within    a    smaller    compass 
than    the    writing,  catch  the  eye  sooner,  and  words    written 
in  shorthand  do  not  occupy  so  much  space  as  if  written   in 
longhand. 

19.  In  the   case    of   a    parson    preaching    a   sermon,    this 
would  come  to  be  of  great  service.     If  he  had  it  written  in 
shorthand,  when  he  looked  at  his  manuscript  he  could   take 
in  at  a  glance  a   whole    sentence,    and    by    this    means    he 
would  have  all  the  advantages  of  extempore   preaching  com- 
bined with  the  accuracy  and  finish   of   a    written  discourse. 
When  his  attention  is  not  continually    engaged    in    looking 
down  on  his  manuscript,  he  has  more  freedom.     It  has  been 
said  of  Archbishop    Sharp  that  "his  knowledge  of  shorthand 
contributed  not  a  little  to  the  acceptableness  of  his  delivery, 
for  he  so  disposed  his   characters    as    to    take-  in    a    whole 
sentence,  or  as  much  as  could  be   distinctly    pronounced    in 
the  same  breath,  with  one  transient  glance  of  the    eye,    and 
so  disposed  those  sentences  distinctly  under    each    other    as 
to  be  able,  when  he  had    taken    his   eye    off,    without    any 
difficulty  to  recover  the  place  where  it  had    left    the    page ; 
and  so  expert  was  he  at  this,  that  he  has    been    sometimes 
thought   to  have  preached  by  heart,  or  to  make  little  or  no 


170 


THE    GALLEUY. 


use  of  his  notes ;  which  gave  him  all  the  outward  ad- 
vantages of  extempore  preaching,  without  subjecting  himself 
or  his  audience  to  any  of  its  disadvantages.  For  hereby  he 
was  at  liberty  to  execute  whatever  is  usually  thought  grace- 
ful and  ornamental  with  respect  to  posture  or  movements. 
This  advantage  is  in  a  great  measure  lost  by  any  one  who 
is  perpetually  bound  to  attend  to  his  notes,  and  is  not  often 
found  well  improved  by  any  person  who  has  matter  to  con- 
sider rather  than  manner,  and  is  bound  to  watch  more  over 
his  words  than  his  behavior,  and  who,  through  the  entire 
disuse  of  notes,  wants  even  those  seasonable  restraints 
which  they  will  give  to  redundancy  of  action,  and  perhaps 
in  some  cases  to  extravagancies  of  gesture."  Dr.  Chalmers 
nearly  always  preached  his  sermons  from  shorthand  notes, 
and  he  did  this  so  skillfully  that  it  has  been  said,  unless 
one  were  near  him  to  observe  the  fact,  it  was  difficult  to 
know  he  was  reading. 

20.  To  return,  however,  to  our    subject;  a    good    Gallery- 
man  must  have  a  knowledge  of  law  and  legal    proceedings. 
An  attentive  perusal  of    the    four    volumes    of    Blackstone's 
Commentaries  will  give  him  a   good    insight    into    the    law 
of  England.     It  is  not  absolutely    necessary    that    he  should 
have  a  quotation  from  a  legal  writer  at  his  fingers'  ends,  it  is 
sufficient  if  he  knows  where  to  find  it    when    required,  and 
the    same    with    the    Latin    and    Greek  authors :  he  should 
have  a  sufficient  acquaintance  with  them  to  be  able  to  lay  his 
hands  on  any  particular  passage  that  may  be  quoted  in  the 

ourse  of  a  debate.  "  Knowledge,''  says  Dr.  Johnson,  '•  is  of 
.wo  kinds;  we  know  a  subject  ourselves,  or  we  know  where 
we  can  find  information  upon  it."  He  should  be  tolerably 
conversant  with  Shakspere.  and  have  a  general  knowledge  of 
English  literature.  He  should  also  possess  the  pen  of  a  ready 
writer  and  be  a  good  hand  at  cornpo=;-:~i. 

21.  To  a  reporter,    no    knowledge  is    useless:     knowledge 
is  to  him  power :  he  cannot  be  toowell  educated.     He  must  al- 
PO  possess  the  valuable   qualification  of  being  abk  to  epitomize 


THE    GALLERY.  171 

and  condense  his  reports  when  required,  and  to  turn  the 
speeches  to  shape;  and  this  is  no  easy  task.  An  Indian 
Mail  may  arrive,  an  express  from  Paris,  a  report  of  an  exci- 
ting trial  may  come  in  unexpectedly.  The  parliamentary 
reports  are  ordered  by  the  editor  to  be  reduced  in  length, 
which  must  be  done  forthwith.  When  Barnes  filled  the 
editorial  chair  in  Printing-House-Square,  he  one  evening 
gave  orders  for  the  report  to  be  cut  down  one-half.  One  of 
the  reporters  had  just  been  undergoing  the  process  of  "  trying." 
He  had  taken  his  "  turn  "  in  the  gallery,  and  verbatim  notes 
of  everything  he  had  heard,  sense  or  nonsense.  When  he 
arrived  at  the  "  Times  "  office  and  was  informed  of  the  an- 
nouncement of  the  editor,  he  went  to  that  gentleman  for  a 
little  explanation,  and  told  him  his  "  turn "  would  occupy 
three  columns.  "  Three  columns,"  exclaimed  the  editor, 
"why  you  must  be  mad:  I  can  only  do  with  half  of  that: 
a  column  and  a  half  is  quite  sufficient."  With  the  simplicity 
of  a  raw  countryman,  and  a  coolness  which  was  quite  refresh- 
ing, he  enquired  which  half  of  the  report  he  should  cut 
out.  Barnes  stared  at  him  in  indignant  surprise,  ordered  him 
out  of  the  room,  and  immediately  gave  him  his  conge — 

"  Never  more  be  officer  of  mine." 

22.  We  may  perhaps,  without  any  fear    of    wasting    time 
and  space,  mention    how    the    invaluable    art    of    shorthand 
may  be  acquired.     Every  one  must  have  felt  the  tediousness 
of  writing  in  the  ordinary  mode.     "  Who,  that  is    much    in 
the  habit  of  writing,  has  not  often  wished  for   some    means 
of  expressing  by  two  or  three  dashes  of  the  pen,  that  which, 
as    things  are,  it  requires  such  an  expenditure  of  time    and 
labor    to    commit    to    paper  ?     Our    present    mode    of    com- 
munication must  be  felt  to  be  cumbersome  in  the  last  degree, 
unworthy    of    these    days    of    invention :  we    require    some 
means  of  bringing  the  operations   of    the    mind    and   of  the 
hand  into  closer  correspondence." 

23.  We    have  looked    carefully  into  the  multitude   of   sys- 


172  THE    GALLERY. 


terns  of  shorthand  which  have  been  given  to  the  world 
since  the  art  was  invented  —  and  they  are 

"  Thick  as  autumnal  leaves  that  strew  the  brooks 
Of  Vallombrosa," 

and  we  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  for  clearness,  eas- 
iness, beauty,  and  dispatch,  none  have  excelled  or  even 
come  up  to  Pitman's  Phonography.  This  is  not  a  biassed 
opinion.  We  do  not  say  it  from  any  personal  motives.  We 
ourselves  write  a  system  of  shorthand  published  long,  long 
ago,  so  lengthy  and  complicated  in  comparison,  that  were 
it  not  for  the  inconvenience  that  would  inevitably  result 
from  a  change,  we  should  -discard  it  forever,  and  begin 
afresh  with  a  shorter  method.  Phonography  has  now  be- 
come thoroughly  developed,  a  process  that  has  occupied 
upwards  of  twenty  years,  and  has  attained  a  degree  of  per- 
fection which  we  can  scarcely  suppose  will  be  superseded 
until  one's  words  can  be  photographed  on  paper.  Books 
exceedingly  cheap  and  intelligible  have  been  published, 
showing  the  way  to  learn  this  useful  art,  so  that  the  most 
rapid  speaker  may  literally  be  reported  verbatim. 

24.  The  average  rate  of  public  speaking  in  general  is 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty  words  per  minute,  and  a 
tolerably  quick  longhand  writer  can  only  write  about  twenty- 
six  words  per  minute.  Now  let  us  see  what  any  one  must 
do  if  he  wish  to  take  these  one  hundred  and  twenty  words 
per  minute.  If  he  take  our  advice  he  will  buy  the  "Manual 
of  Phonography."  In  this  book  the  fundamental  principles, 
etc.,  are  concisely  set  forth,  and  can  be  thoroughly  under- 
stood in  an  hour  or  so.  One  often  sees  among  the  adver- 
tisements in  the  newspapers  an  announcement  of  a  new 
system  of  "  Stenography,"  "  shorter  and  easier  than  any 
Other  hitherto  published,  and  which  can  be  thoroughly 
understood  in  the  course  of  a  few  hours."  The  quacks 
who  publish  these  books  must  mean  prophetic  hours;  it  is 
the  principles,  not  the  practice,  that  can  be  so  easily  attained. 


THE    GALLERY.  173 

Believe  us,  there  is  no  royal  road  to  so  valuable  an  accom- 
plishment as  shorthand.  If  any  one  wish  to  excel  in  it  he 
must 

"  Doff  his  sparkling  cloak,  and  fall  to  work 
With  peasant  heart  ana  arm." 

25.  He  must  read  over  the   "Manual"  in   such    a    manner 
(hat  he  may  get  a  general  idea  of    its    contents,    and    then 
pursue  the  plan  laid  down  therein.     When   any    one    learns 
to  write  at  school,  the  first  thing  he  has  to  do  is  to  acquaint 
himself  with,  the  form  of  each  letter.     It  is  the    same    with 
Phonography,  but  it  will  not  take  so  long  a    time,    for    the 
letters  are  very    simple    in    their    formation.     Phonography, 
being  writing  by  sound,  it  will  be  found,  of  course,  that  all 
words  are  spelled  as  they  are  pronounced.     By  the  study  of 
the  "  Manual,"  and    an    hour's    daily    practice,    any    one    of 
moderate  abilities  will  in  three  months  be  enabled  to    write 
at  least  sixty  words  a  minute.     He    must    then    obtain    the 
"Reporter's  Companion,''  which  will  cost  a  half-a-crown,  and 
study  it  thoroughly  and    diligently,  and  in  the   course   of    a 
further  period  of  three  months,  provided  he    has    an    hour's 
daily  practice,  he  will  find    himself   able    to    take    down    a 
speech  verbatim,  and  his  pen,  to  use   a  Yankeeism,    moving 
on  his  paper  as  fast  as  an  express  train  down  an  incline. 

26.  The  Gallery  view  of    the  oratory  of  our  legislators    is 
of  course  somewhat  different  from  that  taken  by  the    public 
in  general.     A  reporter  does  not  care  so   much    about    your 
crack  speakers,  unless  they  are  slow  of  speech.     Lord  Palmer- 
ston  is  liked  very  much,    although    generally    speaking    his 
ipsissima  verba  have  to  be  taken  down.     He  is   not    a    quick 
speaker  and  by  no  means  a    fluent    one,     especially    in    the 
beginning  of  a  speech.     He  is  like  an  old  coach-horse,  whose 
limbs  are  rather  stiff   at    first,    but    work    better    when    the 
blood  gets  warm  and  the  circulation  quicker.     It  is  so,  deci- 
dedly, with  "the  bottle-holder;"  he  hums  and  hahs,  and — ur 
— as--ur — though — as     though — he — ur — was    unaccustomed 


174  THK    GALLERY. 

to  it.  Now  he  proceeds  very  hesitatingly  and  with  caution : 
and  presently,  all  on  a  sudden,  he  proceeds  briskly  with  a 
few  sentences  —  somewhat  in  the  style  of  walking  along  the 
street  and  treading  on  a  piece  of  orange-peel  by  accident. 
He  is  an  easy  man  to  report :  he  delivers  his  words  as  though 
they  were  precious,  and  should  not  be  lost  to  those  for 
whom  they  were  intended.  He  is  undoubtedly  a  very  de- 
liberate speaker,  and  being  a  popular  and  a  leading  man, 
whenever  he  is  on  his  legs  the  House  is  remarkably  quiet ; 
button-holdings  are  abandoned,  and  private  conversations 
cease.  He  is  no  "  orator  as  Brutus  is."  Fox  once  said  that 
speeches  were  made  to  be  heard,  not  read :  it  is,  however, 
the  reverse  with  those  of  the  Premier. 

27.  Lord  Stanley  is  not  so  bad ;  he  speaks  with  a   tolera- 
ble fluency,  but   is  very  distinct  in   articulation.     His  father, 
Lord  Derby,  is  by  no  means  a  friend  of  the  reporters ;  for  a 
great    deal    of  "copy;!  has  to  be  written   out    whenever    he 
opens  his  lips.     Bright  is   fluent,  distinct — and  often    wrist- 
aching.     So  are  Gladstone  and  Sir  George  Grey.     Vice-Chan- 
cellor Page  Wood,  when  in  the  House  of    Commons,  was    a 
very  unpopular  man,  (  we  mean  of  course    in   the    Gallery,) 
but  on  many  occasions    his    speeches    were    not  injured    by 
passing  through  the  gallery-sieve,  as  they  often  bore    marks 
of  hasty  preparation.     In  fact,  as  we  have  often  said  before, 
speeches  in  general  are    improved    by    that    process,    unless 
indeed  they   go    through  "  flatting  mills,"  as    Coleridge    has 
pithily  expressed  it.     Page  Wood  has,  if   possible,  increased 
his  speed  since  he  has  been  on  the  bench  in  Lincoln's   Inn. 
Lord  John  Russell  is  not  much  liked;  his  words  are  by    no 
means  few,  and  often  very  indistinctly  delivered. 

28.  ilacaulay,  when  in  the  Lower  House,  was  the  terror  of 
reporters,  as  he  had  a  most  rapid  delivery,  and  rarely   stam- 
mered or  hesitated  for  an    apt    mode    of    expression,   as    he 
generally  prepared  his  orations    before    hand.     In    the    year 
1836  he  delivered  a  most  brilliant  oration  at  an  anti-slavery 
meeting.     At  the  close  of  the    meeting  Mr.  (  afterwards  Mr. 


THE    GALLERY.  1 7o 

Justice  )  Therry  told  Mr.  Macaulay  that  from  his  rapid  mode 
of  speaking,  and  from  so  much  of  the  merit  of  the  speech 
being  dependent  on  the  accurate  collocation  of  the  words  in 
which  his  many  metaphors  and  figures  were  expressed,  it 
would  be  only  an  act  of  justice  to  himself  to  furnish  a  re- 
port of  the  speech.  At  first  he  hesitated,  and  expressed 
some  doubts  whether  he  could  furnish  sufficiently  ample 
notes  for  the  purpose.  However,  on  Mr.  Therry  telling  him 
due  attention  should  be  made  to  any  notes  he  thought 
proper  to  furnish,  if  he  forwarded  them  to  the  "  Morning- 
Chronicle''  office  by  eight  o'clock  that  evening,  he  agreed 
to  do  so.  On  going  to  the  office  of  that  Journal  at  the 
above  hour,  Mr.  Therry  found  a  large  packet,  containing  a 
verbatim  report  of  the  speech  as  spoken, —  the  brilliant  pas- 
sages marked  in  pencil,  and  the  whole  manuscript  well 
thumbed  over,  furnishing  manifest  denotement  that  no  speech 
in  "  Enfield's  Speaker"  was  more  laboriously  and  faithfully 
committed  to  memory,  than  that  delivered  by  the  great  his- 
torian of  the  age. 

29.  Disraeli  is  not  much  disliked,  notwithstanding  that  his 
words  flow  freely  from  his  mouth.  Sir  George  Cornwall 
Lewis  is  a  bad  one  to  report,  and  his  speeches,  were  they 
given  exactly  as  they  are  uttered,  would  by  no  means  tend 
to  elevate  him  in  the  eyes  of  his  many  admirers.  He 
makes  a  statement  —  stops  —  corrects  it,  hums  and  stammers, 
and  seems  as  though  he  were  desirous  of  favoring  his  hear- 
ers with  a  first  and  second  edition  of  his  words  at  one  and 
the  same  time.  "  It  is  impossible,"  says  the  Saturday  Re- 
view, "  for  those  who  have  not  heard  him  to  gather  from 
the  reports  the  faintest  idea  of  the  soporific  power  of  this 
organ  of  the  constitution.  His  words  are  squeezed  out  of 
him  at  intervals,  like  milk  from  a  cow.  He  has  read  the 
dictum  of  Demosthenes  —  that  action  is  the  first,  second  and 
third  requisite  of  an  orator.  Accordingly,  gluing  his  elbow 
to  his  side,  he  slaps  the  table  at  fixed  intervals  with  the 
palm  of  his  hand.  But  this  clock-work  proceeding,  being 


176  THE    GALLERY. 

in  no  way  governed  by  the  sense  of  the  speech,  the  slapa 
generally  go  to  emphasize  the  prepositions.  A  sentence 
printed  as  really  spoken,  using  dashes  to  express  the  min- 
ute-gun succession  of  his  phrases,  would  run  thus :  '  I  ought 
to  state  —  I  may  state  —  I  ought  (  slap  )  to  state  that  my 
noble  friend  at  the  (  slap  )  head  of  the  Government  —  at  the 
jhead  of  the  Government — my  noble  friend  the  member 
'(slap)  for  the  city  of  London,  who  was  then  at  the  head 
of  the  Government,  (slap,)  while  he  assented,'  etc." 

30.  Lord  Campbell,  the  present  Lord  Chancellor,  when  a 
young  man,  was  a  parliamentary  reporter  for  the  "  Morning 
Chronicle."  Hazlitt  had  laid  down  the  brush  of  an  artist, 
and  picked  up  the  pen  of  a  parliamentary  reporter.  Charles 
Dickens  was  a  reporter  on  the  "  Chronicle."  In  fact,  that 
Journal  has  had  the  honor  of  "  educating "  many  eminent 
men.  John  Payne  Collier,  the  Shaksperian  commentator, 
was  for  a  number  of  years  connecetd  with  it :  so  was  Mr. 
Sergeant  Spankie.  Barnes  was  a  parliamentary  reporter  for 
the  "Times,"  until  he  was  called  out  of  the  Gallery,  by  Mr. 
Walter,  to  take  take  the  editorial  chair  of  the  "  Thunderer." 
The  late  Mr.  Justice  Talfourd,  the  author  of  the  immortal 
tragedy  of  "Ion,"  Samuel  Carter  Hall,  the  able  editor  of  the 
"Art  Journa!."  So  was  "Special  Correspondent"  Russell.  Mr. 
Russell,  as  a  reporter  in  the  Gallery  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, was  selected  for  every  occasion  requiring  peculiar 
vividness  of  description. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

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